The Changing Economic World

Question 1

What is Development?

Answer 1

When a country is improving. Progress in economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that a country has made. When country develops, QOL improves (health, wealth, safety).

Question 2

What is the Global Development gap?

Answer 2

Difference in development between +/- developed countries.
Level of development is different in different countries.
France is more developed than Ethiopia.

Question 3

How does using ‘measures of development’ help measure development?

Answer 3

You can compare the development of different countries using ‘measures of development’

Question 4

What is GNI?

Answer 4

Gross National Income. The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, including income from overseas. Given in US$.
Measure of wealth. As country develops, it gets higher.

Question 5

What is GNI per head?

Answer 5

GNI ÷ population of a country. US$. Sometimes called GNI per capita.
A measure of wealth, as country develops it gets higher.

Question 6

What is GDP?

Answer 6

Gross domestic product. Total value of goods and services a country produces in a year. US$. A measure of wealth, as country develops it gets higher.

Question 7

What is birth rate?

Answer 7

Number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year. A measure of women’s rights, as a country develops it gets lower.

Question 8

What is Death rate?

Answer 8

Number of deaths per thousand of the population per year. A measure of health, as country develops, it gets lower.

Question 9

What is Infant mortality rate?

Answer 9

Number of babies who die under 1 year old per thousand babies born. A measure of health, as country develops it gets lower.

Question 10

What is people per doctor?

Answer 10

Average number of people for each doctor. A measure of health, as country develops it gets lower.

Question 11

What is literacy rate?

Answer 11

Percentage of adults who can read and write. A measure of education, as country develops it gets higher.

Question 12

What is access to safe water?

Answer 12

Percentage of people who can get clean drinking water. A measure of health, as country develops it gets higher.

Question 13

What is life expectancy?

Answer 13

The average age a person can expect to live to.

Question 14

What is HDI?

Answer 14

Human development index. Number calculated using
1. Life expectancy
2. Education level (average number of years of schooling)
3. Income per head.
Every country has HDI value 0-1.

Question 15

Why can individual indicators of development be misleading when they’re used on their own?

Answer 15

As a country develops, some aspects develop before others. The country might seem +developed than it actually is. Using more than one measurement or using HDI avoids these problems.

Question 16

What is the DTM?

Answer 16

Demographic transition model. Shows how changing birth rates + death rates affect population growth. When birth rate higher than death rate, more people are being born than dying. Leads to population growth this is called natural increase. Birth rates and death rates differ from country to country. Population growth therefore is faster in some countries, especially in less developed countries.

Population growth changes within country over time as it develops. Changing birth + death rates are linked to country’s economic development. 5 stages of DTM are linked to country’s developement.

Question 17

What is natural increase?

Answer 17

Where more people are being born than dying (birth rates are higher) so the population grows.

Question 18

What is natural decrease?

Answer 18

The death rate’s are higher than the birth rates so more people are dying. The population dips.

Question 19

What is Stage 1 of the DTM?

Answer 19

Least developed stage, birth rate is high (no use of contraception). People have lots of children because poor healthcare means many infants die. Death rate high due to poor healthcare or famine, life expectancy low as well as income very low.

Question 20

What is stage 2 of the DTM?

Answer 20

Not very developed, many LICs in stage 2. Economy based on agriculture therefore people have lots of children to work on farms meaning birth rates are high. Death rates fall due to improved healthcare and diet so life expectancy increases.

Question 21

What is stage 3 of the DTM?

Answer 21

More developed, most NEEs are at stage 3. Birth rate falls rapidly as women have +equal place in society and better education. Use of contraception increases, more women work instead of having children. Economy changes to manufacturing, income increases + fewer children needed work on farms. Healthcare improves, life expectancy increases.

Question 22

What are stages 4 and 5 in DTM?

Answer 22

Most developed, most HICs are at these stages. Birth rates low because people want possessions + high QOL + may have dependent elderly relatives meaning less money available having children. Healthcare good, death rate low, life expectancy high. Income also high.