The Challenge Of Natural Hazards Flashcards
What is a natural hazard?
A natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or destroy property and possessions
What’s the difference between a primary and secondary effect?
The primary effects are the immediate impacts caused by the hazard itself
The secondary effects happen later on, often as a result of the primary effects
Give two examples of primary effects.
Crops and water supplies can be damaged or contaminated
Buildings and roads are destroyed
Give two examples of secondary effects.
Aid and emergency vehicles can’t get through because of blocked roads or bridges - this can cause more deaths
A shortage of clean water and a lack of proper sanitation makes it easier for disease to spread
Give one immediate and one long-term response to a natural hazard
Provide food, drink and shelter to people without homes
Improve building regulations so that buildings can withstand similar hazards in the future
Name the type of plate margin where two plates are moving towards each other
Destructive margins
Name the type of plate margin where two plates are moving sideways past each other
Conservative margins
Why do volcanoes form at destructive plate margins?
Where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle and destroyed, creating gas-rich magma
At which types of plate margins can earthquakes occur?
Destructive
Constructive
Conservative
Give an example of an earthquake in a wealthier part of the world. Describe two effects of the earthquake and two responses to it
New Zealand, November 2016
Tens of thousands of homes were damaged, and some were destroyed
The earthquake generated a tsunami
Hundreds of people were housed in emergency shelters and community centres
Most road and rail routes were repaired and reopened within 2 years
Give an example of an earthquake in a less wealthy part of the world. Describe two effects of the earthquake and two responses to it
Nepal, April 2015
4 million people were left homeless
Around 9000 people died and more than 22000 were injured
Charities provided medicine, food and temporary water supplies
$500 million was donated to build earthquake resistant housing
Why do people live in areas prone to tectonic hazards?
The minerals from volcanic ash makes volcanic soil very fertile, attracting farmers
Volcanoes are tourist attractions, so lots of people live nearby to work in the tourist industry
