The Central Nervous System Flashcards
The brain is divided into 2 ___________
Hemispheres
The ________ is a bundle of axons which connects the 2 hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
The 3 parts of the brain
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem
The 4 lobes of the Cerebrum
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
Function of the Frontal Lobe
Reasoning, Planning, Parts of Speech, Movement, Motor Cortex (emotions + problem solving)
Function of the Parietal Lobe
Voluntary Movement, Orientation, Recognition, Somatosensory Cortex (touch, pain, etc.)
Function of the Temporal Lobe
Perception + Recognition Of Auditory Stimuli (memory + speech)
Function of Oppcipital Lobe
Visual Processing
Function of the Cerebellum
“Little Brain” (Coordination of Voluntary Movement, Posture, And Balance)
Function of the Brainstem
Basic Vital Life Functions (Breathing, Digestion, Heartbeat)
The Limbic System Is Known as the “_________ ________”
“Emotional Brain”
The Limbic System is buried within the ________
Cerebrum
Function of the Thalamus
Sensory + Motor (sensory info enters this structure and is then sent to the correct part of the cerebrum)
Function of the Hypothalamus
Homeostasis (controls thirst, hunger, sleep rhythms)
Controls Pituitary Gland
Function of the Amygdala
Memory, Emotion, Fear
Function of the Hippocampus
Learning + Memory (converts short term memory to more permanent memory)
Function of the Pituitary Gland
Controls release of certain hormones
The brain is protected by 4 main parts
Skull, Membranes (Meninges), Cerebrospinal Fluid, Blood Brain Barrier
Types of Meninges (from Superficial to Deep)
Dura Mater—Arachnoid Mater—Pia Mater
Structure + Function of the Dura Mater
“Tough Mother”, Strongest + Fibrous Meninges, Encloses Dural Sinuses, Collects Venous Blood From The Brain
Structure + Function of the Arachnoid Mater
Web-Like + Loose Brain Covering, Filled With Cerebrospinal Fluid, Contains Largest Blood Vessels of the Brain
Structure + Function of the Pia Mater
“Gentle Mother”, Delicate Connective Tissue, Clings to the Brain With Every Movement
How Does Cerebrospinal Fluid protect the Central Nervous System
Reduces Brain Weight by 97%, Protects Brain + Spinal Chord From Trauma, Nourishes the Brain + Carry Chemical Signals
What Happens if Cerebrospinal Fluid Cannot be Drained
Hydrocephalus
Babies: skull bones haven’t fused yet
Adults: tumor, brain damage, etc.
Solution for Hydrocephalus
Doctor Inserts A Shunt That Drains Fluid Into Neck
The Blood Brain Barrier is effective for ________
Preventing the Brain from Exposure to Blood-Borne Substances (various ions, waste, drugs)
The Blood Brain Barrier is ineffective for ________
Fatty Acids, Fats, O2 + CO2, Nicotine, Alcohol, and Anesthetics That Can Affect the Brain
What is a Concussion
Slight Brain Injury, Results in Dizziness
What is a Contusion
Brain Tissue Destruction, Results in a Coma
What is a Stroke
Blood Circulation to the Brain is Blocked and Brain Tissue Dies
The Spinal Cord is a long bundle of nerves extending from the _____ to the lower back
Brainstem
The Spinal Cord is surrounded + protected by _______ and ______
Membranes + Vertebrae
The Spinal Cord carries messages back and forth between the _____ and _____
Brain + Body
Between the Vertebrae there are _____ that act as cushions for the spine
Discs
The Nerves in order (from the brainstem to the butt)
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
On the Spinal Chord, the higher up the injury _________
The more severe it is
How can a blow to the head result in death
The Hematoma can expand within the skull and press on the Brain, causing death
