The Cells of the Nervous System

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Structure that contains the chromosomes

Question 2

Mitochondrion

Answer 2

Structure that performs metabolic activities

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

sites for cell synthesization of new protein molecules

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations

Question 5

Membrane

Answer 5

structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Question 6

Active transport

Answer 6

a protein-mediated process that expends energy to enable a molecule to cross memebrane

Question 7

Afferent axon

Answer 7

axon that brings information into the structure

Question 8

Astrocytes

Answer 8

star-shaped glia that synchronize the activity of the axons

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

thin fiber of constant diameter; the neuron’s information sender

Question 10

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 10

mechanism that excludes most chemical from the brain

Question 11

Cell body (Soma)

Answer 11

structure containing the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria

Question 12

Dendrites

Answer 12

branching fibers from a neuron that receive information from other neurons

Question 13

Dendritic Spines

Answer 13

short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses

Question 14

Efferent axon

Answer 14

a neuron that carries information away from a a structure

Question 15

Glia

Answer 15

type of cell in the nervous system that, contrast to neurons, does not conduct impulses over long distances

Question 16

Glucose

Answer 16

a simple sugar

Question 17

Interneuron

Answer 17

neuron whose axons and dendrites are all confined within a given structure

Question 18

Intrinsic neuron

Answer 18

neuron whose axons and dendrites are all confined within a given structure

Question 19

Microglia

Answer 19

cells that remove waste material and other microorganisms from the nervous system

Question 20

Motor neuron

Answer 20

neuron that receives excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses to a muscle

Question 21

Myelin sheath

Answer 21

insulation material that covers vertebrate axon

Question 22

Nuerons

Answer 22

cells that receive information and transmit it to other cells

Question 23

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 23

interruptions in the myelin sheath of vertebrate axons

Question 24

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 24

glia cells that builds myelin sheath

Question 25

Presynaptic terminal

Answer 25

(end bulb or button) point where an axon releases chemicals

Question 26

Radial gila

Answer 26

cells that guide the migration of neurons and the growth of axons and dendrites during embryological development

Question 27

Schwann cells

Answer 27

glia cells that build myelin sheaths

Question 28

Sensory neuron

Answer 28

neuron that is highly sensitive to a specific type of stimulation

Question 29

Thiamine

Answer 29

a B1 vitamin necessary to use glucose