The cells Flashcards
Cells are….
The basic unit of life
The cell theroy is…
All living organisims are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
Cells arise from exsisting cells.
The two types of cells are called
Prokaryotic cell (no nucleus or ohter distinct membrane-bound organelles) and Eukaryotic cell (Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles)
All cells have:
Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and Ribosomes.
Ribosomes function
Protein synthesis
Eukaryotic cells are divided into:
Plant and animals cells
Cell wall is on … and function
Plant cells and they have a rigid cell wall
The nuclear membrane is
A highly porous membrane that separates the nucleous from the rest of the cell.
Chromatin
Long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded networks the performs several tasks with in a cell.
Rough ER
Endoplasmic reticulum that is dotted with ribosomes.
Smooth ER
Endoplasmic reticulum that has no ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus
The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell.
Vacuole
Larger membrane-bound organelles used for storage of food and water or waste.
Vesicle
Smaller membrane bound organelles used mainly fo transport of food, waste, or products synthesized for secreation.
Sectory Vesicle
Vesicle that holds products of biosynthesis and transports them to the plasma membrane for secretion.
Central vacuole
A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with water.
Lysosome
The organells in animals cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and some lipids.
Peroxisome
A cell organell containing enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide.
Mitochondria
Double-membrane-bound organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
Plastids
Doublepmembrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protozoa, generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of food.
Choroplasts
Plastids containing the green pigment, chlorophyll used in photosynthesis.
Chromoplasts
Plastids contiaining yellow, orange, or red pigment used in photosynthesis.
Leucoplasts
Nonpigmented plastids that store starches or oils.
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement.
Microfilements
Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
Threadlike proteins in the cell’s cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments.
Microtubles
Spiral strands of protien molecules that form a tubelike structure.
Centrioles
Paired organelles (positioned at right angles to each other) that organize fibers required for cell division; found in animal cells
Centrosome
A small region near the nucleus that is the main organizing site for microtubules; in animal cells it contains the 2 centrioles.
Phospholipid
A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been prlaced by a molecule that contains a hydrophilic phosphate group.
Passive transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input.
Active Transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane added by a process that requires energy input.
Concentration
A measurment of how much solute exists wihtin a certain volume of solvent.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration.
Plasmolysis
Collapse of a walled cells’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water.
Cytolysis
The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure.
