The Cell (The History and Structure of the Cell) Flashcards
- all organisms are composed of the fundamental unit of life
- is the simplest unit of matter that is alive
- from the unicellular bacteria to multicellular animals, this is one of the basic organizational principles of biology.
Cell
What is Cell?
- all organisms are composed of the fundamental unit of life
- is the simplest unit of matter that is alive
- from the unicellular bacteria to multicellular animals, this is one of the basic organizational principles of biology.
One of observation was from very thin slice of bottle cork. Who discovered a multitude of tiny pores that he named cells. This came from the latin word cella, Meaning a small room like where monks lived in and also cellulae. Which means the six sided cell of a honeycomb.
Who discovered the Cell and in what year?
Historical Development of the idea of Cell
Robert Hooke (1665)
another scientist who saw these cells soon after Hooke did. He made use of microscope containing improved lenses that could magnify objects almost three hundred fold, or 270x. under these Microscopes, he found motile objects.
Historical Development of the idea of Cell
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1673’s)
The Cell theory is one of the basic principles of biology. The generally accepted portions of the modern Cell Theory are as follows:
1.The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.
2.All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
3.Cells arise from other cells through cellular division.
Historical Development of the idea of Cell
Matthias Schleiden ,Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow (late 1830’s)
Cells are the smallest form of life; the functional and structural units of all living things. Your body contains several billion cells, organised into over 200 major types, with hundreds of cell-specific functions. Some functions performed by cells are so vital to the existence of life that all cells perform them (e.g. cellular respiration). Others are highly specialised (e.g. photosynthesis).
Cell Structures & Functions
- The main function of this is to protect the inner parts of the plant cell
- Tt gives plant cells a more uniform and regular shape and provides support for the plant body
- It is completely permeable to water and mineral salts which allows distribution of nutrients throughout the plant
- The openings in this are called plasmodesmata which contain strands of cytoplasm that connect adjacent cells. This allows cells to interact with one another, allowing molecules to travel between plant cells
Cell Wall
- also called the plasma membrane,
- physically separates the intracellular space (inside the cell) from the extracellular environment (outside the cell).
- All plant and animal cells have this.
- It surrounds and protects the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is part of the protoplasm and is the living component of the cell.
Cell Membrane
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell. It consists of water. It also contains dissolved nutrients and waste products. Its main function is to hold together the organelles which make this up. It also nourishes the cell by supplying it with salts and sugars and provides a medium for metabolic reactions to occur.
Cytoplasm
Control Center and largest organelle in the cell and contains all the cell’s genetic information in the form of DNA. The presence of a nucleus is the primary factor that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes.
Nucleus
two lipid membranes that are studded with special proteins that separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm.
Structure of the Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
tiny holes called nuclear pores are found in the nuclear envelope and help to regulate the exchange of materials (such as RNA and proteins) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Structure of the Nucleus
Nuclear Pores
this makes the RNA and ribosomal units.
Structure of the Nucleus
Nucleolus
This organelle generates the cell’s supply of chemical energy by releasing energy stored in molecules from food and using it to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a special type of “energy carrying” molecule.
known as the powerhouse of the Cell
Mitochondria
Has a double membrane consisting of a network of hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs. These flattened, hollow folds and sacs are called cisternae.
This is located in the cytoplasm and is connected to the nuclear envelope.
There are two types of this, smooth and rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
