The Cell: Organelles & Inclusions

Question 1

Peroxisomes

Answer 1

Small vesicles in cytoplasm that contain enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids

Question 2

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 2

One or more flattened stacks of membranes that modify and package proteins and lipids for intracellular or extra cellular use

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

Answer 3

The cell membrane, composed of a lipid bilateral that functions in protection, secretion, uptake, sensitivity, adhesion, and support.

The membrane can fuse with a secretory vesicle to release its contents in a process called exocytosis, or take up extra cellular substances in a process called pinocytosis.

The membrane may possess specialized receptors along its surface.

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

The aqueous matrix of the cell outside of the nucleus, contains inorganic ions, organic molecules, intermediate metabolites, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and RNA

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation for energy

Mitochondria possess an outer membrane and a folded inner membrane

Question 6

Lysosomes

Answer 6

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)

Answer 7

Membranous network in the cytoplasm, studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

Answer 8

Membranous network in the cytoplasm lacking ribosomes and involved with lipid and steroid synthesis

Question 9

Centrioles

Answer 9

Paired bundle-like inclusions essential for chromosome movement in cell division

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

A small structure within the nucleus containing condensations of RNA and proteins

Question 11

Cell Nucleus

Answer 11

Structure surrounded by inner and outer membranes

The nucleus contains chromosomes, enzymes, and RNA

The nuclear membrane, or envelope, is perforated by small nuclear pores

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

Tiny particles in cytoplasm containing RNA and proteins, both free and attached to rough ER

Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis by translating the amino acid protein coding under the direction of the messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 13

Microfilaments

Answer 13

Inclusions that provide strength and support for the cell

Question 14

Microtubules

Answer 14

Inclusions contained in the cytoskeleton that’s assist in intracellular transport

Question 15

Organelles

Answer 15

Basic internal structures of the cell, surrounded by a membrane

Function cooperatively in a variety of ways that allow cells and tissues to perform their unique functions

Question 16

Inclusions

Answer 16

Basic internal structures of the cell, not surrounded by a membrane