The Cell -- Modules 4 & 5 Flashcards
(97 cards)
Outer membrane belongs to what?
Endomembrane System
The mRNA is transported out of the nucleus to what?
The ribosomes
Where are the ribosomes located?
Surface of Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the ribosome?
Perform Translation
What is Translation?
The conversion of the mRNA into protein
What 2 components is the ER divided into?
Rough ER and smooth ER
What is the process of DNA to mRNA to proteins called?
The Central Dogma
Within the rough ER the insulin protein is folded and then transported where?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the Golgi Apparatus used for?
Location for processing and sorting (think UPS mail warehouse!)
DNA is tightly bound to what kind of proteins?
Histones
What is the process of bounding DNA?
DNA bounded to histones which forms chromatin which is finally organized into chromosomes
Process of DNA to mRNA?
Transcription
Control center of the cell?
The Nucleus
What synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids? Also aids int he breakdown of carbohydrates and steroids?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the Golgi Apparatus primarily associated with? But can also transport and perform creation of what two things?
- Proteins
- Transport = lipids
- Creation = lysosomes
The power plant in a cell? Generates what?
Mitochondrion // Mitochondria // Generates ATP
5 district structural components of the Mitochondria?
- Outer mitochondrial membrane
- Intermembranous space (space between the outer and inner membranes)
- The inner mitochondria membrane
- Cristae (foldings of the inner membrane)
- The matrix (space of the interior of the mitochondrion)
Specialized vesicles that bud off the golgi apparatus?
Lysosomes
What does the Lysosomes do?
Uses a pump within its membrane to transport high concentrations of H+ into its lumen. The acidic environment also allows it to break down macromolecules.
2 organelle used in recycling used of unneeded materials?
Proteasomes and peroxisomes
What is the peroxisome responsible for?
Detoxifying harmful substances that may enter the cell
What is the Cytoskeleton?
Structural competent of the cell composed of proteins that are constantly destroyed, renewed and newly built.
8 functions of the cytoskeleton?
Maintains cell shape, resisting deformation, movement both inside and migratory movement, cell signaling, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell division.
The cytoskeleton is composed of 3 major filaments, what are they?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules filaments