THE CELL // MODULE 4 Flashcards
Nucleus
Genetic Materials: DNA
Makes proteins and contains ribosomes
Rough ER
Stores Calcium, makes lipids, fats, carbs, steroids
Smooth ER
Makes proteins; mRNA to proteins
Ribosomes
What is translation? Where does it happen?
mRNA to proteins; on the ribosomes on the rough ER
What is transcription? Where does it happen?
DNA to mRNA; in the nucleus
Contains digestive enzymes and breaks down material?
Lysosomes
Membrane bound sack made from the plasma membrane; main objective is to transport things through the cell?
Vesicles
3 major parts of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
Functions of cytoskeleton?
Holds cell structure, provides a highway for transporting material inside of the cell
what is microfilaments made of? Functions?
Actin filaments – structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement
Intermediate filaments?
Mechanical strength
Microtubules?
Hollow and made of tubulin
Golgi Apparatus?
Packages and processes and distributes EVERYTHING (UPS STORE)
Peroxisomes?
Detoxify the cell
Proteasomes?
Breakdown proteins
Ubiquitin?
MARKER MOLECULE // Marks protein for breakdown by the proteasome
What is the Central Dogma?
Translation and transcription
3 parts of endocytosis? What do they all use to function?
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis
ATP
What is phagocytosis?
Uses Pseudopodia to pull bacteria into the cell
Pinocytosis?
Invagination (pinches) to allow bacteria to sink into the cell and inch it off.
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis?
Similar to pinocytosis but must have ligand attach to receptor to trigger function. Specific to what hit takes in.
Exocytosis? What does it use?
Accumulated vesicle secretions expelled from the cell // ATP
Which type of vesicle helps with exocytosis?
Secretory Vesicles