The cell cycle and mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
what is the G1 checkpoint for
A
to check that the chemicals needed for replication are present
2
Q
what is the “s” (synthesis) stage for
A
the cell replicates its DNA ready to divide by Mitosis
3
Q
what is Gap phase 2
A
cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made
4
Q
what is the G2 checkpoint
A
the cell checks whether all the DNA has been replicated,
5
Q
what is the metaphase check point
A
-checks all chromosomes are attached to spindle
6
Q
what is interphase
A
when the cell’s DNA and organelles are replicated
7
Q
what is prophase
A
- chromosomes condense, becoming shorter adn fatter
- centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell forming spindle.
- nuclear envelope break down, so chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm
8
Q
what is metaphase
A
- chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell
- and become attached to spindle by their centromere
- metaphase checkpoint occurs
9
Q
what is Anaphase
A
- centromeres divide separating each pair of sister chromatids
- spindles contract, pulling chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
10
Q
what is Telophase
A
- chromatids uncoil becoming long and thin chromosomes again
- A nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes ( there are now 2 nuclei)
two genetically identical daughter cells
11
Q
what is cytokinesis and when does it occur
A
division of the cytoplasm
- cleavage furrow forms dividing the cell membrane into two daughter cells
- separate process to mitosis
- usually begins in anaphase and ends at telophase
