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Year 1 Cell biology handouts > The Cell Cycle And Cellular Reproduction > Flashcards

The Cell Cycle And Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Animal cells have centrioles, what cells don’t?

A

Plant cells

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2
Q

Mitosis allows growth and increase size in both?

A

Plant and animals

Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis.

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3
Q

Mitosis creates diploid cells from??

A

Diploid cells

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4
Q

The term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is?

A

Cytokinesis

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5
Q

Cancer cells require lots of nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of new blood vessels to cancerous cells is called ??

A

Angiogenesis

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6
Q

How many chromosomes are in each bacterial cell?

A

Only one

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7
Q

A bacterial chromosome is present in a ?

A

Single copy per cell

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8
Q

A bacterial chromosome is attached to the?

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

A bacterial chromosome is in a?

A

Loop

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10
Q

Virtually all specialised cells of multicellular organisms have the same amount of?

A

DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism

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11
Q

The term used for DNA in a nucleus before it becomes condensed in preparation for mitosis is?

A

Chromatin

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12
Q

Each chromosome separates into daughter chromosome by?

A

Binary fusion

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13
Q

In prokaryotes the chromosome is held in a region called the??

A

The nucleoid

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14
Q

Chromosomes contain both?

A

DNA and associated Histones

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15
Q

Chromosomes condense from ?

A

Chromatin at the start of mitosis

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16
Q

Chromosomes disperse back into chromatin at the end of??

A

Mitosis

17
Q

Chromosomes are not located within the??

A

Nuclear envelope during mitosis

18
Q

The Diploid (2n) number of chromosome for humans is??

A

46

19
Q

The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for humans is?

A

23

20
Q

Mitosis is a process that duplicates and divides only what?

A

Only the nuclear contents

21
Q

Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same number of?

A

Chromosomes as the parent cell

22
Q

What is the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

A

G1
S
G2
M

23
Q

Below the skin are stem cells that divide, with some cells continuing the stem cell line and others being pushed toward the surface to?

A

Flatten and die and be sloughed off.

24
Q

In bone marrow are other stem cells producing cells such as the erythrocytes that lose their nucleus and function for a few months in the blood stream before they too die, such “dead end” cells that reproduce no further… Leave the…..?

A

Cell cycle in a G0 phase, which immediately follow telophase

25
Q

The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are at the?

A

G1 to S stage and G2 to M phase

26
Q

During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant ?

A

G1 Phase

27
Q

Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell?

A

The G0 phase

28
Q

What is the correct sequence of stages of mitosis?

A 
Prophase
Pro metaphase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase
Telophase
29
Q

What occurs in metaphase ?

A

Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell

30
Q

What occurs in anaphase ?

A

Chromosomes move to opposite poles

31
Q

In multicellular organisms, mitosis is a means of?

A

Tissue growth and repair

32
Q

Apoptosis refers to cell death and can be?

A

Programmed and is essential to normal development

33
Q

Most of the cell cycle is spent in ?

A

Interphase

34
Q

Apoptosis is?

A
  • programmed cell death
  • is a process that acts to decrease the number of somatic cells
  • works to oppose the effects of mitosis
  • is necessary for the proper development of an embryo
35
Q

Each Eukaryotic chromosomes…….??

A
  • consists of both DNA and protein
  • contains Histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space
  • ## come in pairs in most organisms
36
Q

Chromosomes like )(

typically appear in which stage of the cell cycle ??

A

Late prophase and metaphase

37
Q

The chromosome is only highly coiled during what phase?

A

During mitosis

38
Q

Each half of the chromosome will split from the other at ?

A

During anaphase

Year 1 Cell biology handouts (4 decks)

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