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Biology The Cell and Microscope > The Cell and Microscope > Flashcards

The Cell and Microscope Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

smallest living unit of any organism?

A

Cell

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2
Q

3 Main points to cell theory

A

1- all living things made up of cells
2-cells are basic units of structure
3-new cells form from existing cells

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3
Q

How do microscopes work?

A

using beams of light or electrons to produce magnified images

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4
Q

Light microscopes magnify how many times?

A

1000

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5
Q

What do electron microscopes do that light microscopes cannot do?

A

-higher resolution
-much smaller size than light
-electron only see non living cells/tissues

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6
Q

Transmission Electron microscope (TEM)

A

-2D
-thinly sliced samples

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7
Q

Scanning Electron microscope (SEM)

A

-3D
-don’t have to be thinly sliced

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8
Q

Difference btwn prokaryote/eukaryote

A

-Pro- do not enclose genetic material in DNA (more simple)
-Eukar- does enclose genetic material in DNA (plants, animals, fungi)

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9
Q

What is role of cell nucleus?

A

-contains all the DNA
-only eukaryote have nucleus
-in prokary, DNA in cytoplasm
-contains nucleolus where ribosomes begin assembling

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

-portion of cell outside the nucleus
-works with nucleus

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11
Q

Organelles

A

-specialized organs or “little organs”/structures of cells

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12
Q

Chromosomes

A

-carries cells genetic information
-found in nucleus

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13
Q

Proteins are assembled where?

A

On ribosomes

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

-produce proteins from DNA “boss” giving coded instructions

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15
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

ER is where lipids are made and proteins are exported from cell

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16
Q

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum or rough ER

A

-Ribosomes found on surface
-Proteins found here will be released from the cell
-Sends proteins from here to Golgi apparatus

17
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER

A

-ribosomes NOT found on surface

18
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

-modifies and sorts proteins from endoplasmic reticulum for storage OR for release from cell
-stack of flattened membranes

19
Q

What do vacuoles store?

A

water, salts, proteins and carbs

20
Q

Lysosomes

A

-clean-up crew
-remove “junk” that otherwise would clog up cell
-breaks down lipids, carbs, proteins into small molecules

21
Q

cytoskeleton

A

-“cyto” = cells
-skeleton for the cell
-helps cell maintain its shape and with movement

22
Q

How do cells get their energy?

A

food molecules that come from sunlight

23
Q

chloroplasts

A

-in plants
-capture energy from sun and convert it to chemical energy stored in food during photosynthesis

24
Q

mitochondria

A

-all eukaryotic cells have these
-convert chemical energy stored in food into usable compound for cell use
-comes from egg cell/ovum (get your mitochondria from Mom!)

25
Q

Cell wall

A

-supporting layer around a membrane
-protects the cell

26
Q

cell membrane

A

-regulates what enters/exists the cell
-protects/supports the cell

27
Q

differences in animal cells vs. plant cells

A

-animal cells have no cell wall, and no chloroplast
-plant cells have cell wall, mitochondria AND chloroplast

28
Q

Homeostasis

A

What a cell has to stay in in order to regulate movement; exists in liquid environment

29
Q

Diffusion

A

process of moving from area of higher to lower concentration

30
Q

Passive transport

A

movement of molecules across cell membrane without using cellular energy

31
Q

Osmosis

A

water molecules that move from areas of higher to lower concentration

32
Q

Isotonic

A

when two solutions are same strength (or same amount of solute on both sides)

33
Q

Hypertonic

A

“above strength”

34
Q

Hypotonic

A

“below strength”

35
Q

Active Transport

A

When a cell must move materials against concentration difference; uses energy to move molecules

36
Q

Endocytosis vs exocytosis

A

Endo- takes in nutrients
Exo- expels waste products

37
Q
A

Biology The Cell and Microscope (1 decks)

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