the cell and mechanism of defense Flashcards
Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? Free radical injury can be caused by:
tissue damage by antioxidants
When a patient has tissue ischemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation, which of the following does the nurse expect?
Decreased ATP production
The nurse in the genetics clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progresssive dementia in middle to later adulthood. To which disease is the nurse most likely referring?
Huntington disease
A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease trait and one is normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents?
Both parents could be carriers
Which of the following statements by a clinician about mutations is correct?
Mutations are alterations in a normal DNA sequence.
Which information indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of clastogens? Clastogens are agents that cause:
chromosomal breakage
The nurse documents “tattooing and stippling” in a trauma patient. Which type of injury does this patient have?
gunshot woulnds
The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome?
21
When teaching staff Tay-Sachs disease, which information should the nurse include? Tay-Sachs disease results in the accumulation of :
lipids in the nerve cells of the brain
When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the nurse document of the chart?
an avulsion
When an infant has been identified as having had fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameters should be considered?
low birth weight, mental retardation, facial anomalies
All of the above
A geneticist is teaching a class that includes information about DNA. Which information should be included? DNA contains:
the genetic code for all parts of the body.
An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has:
alleles at a given locus that are different from one another
A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function to :
protect cells from injury
If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first?
Brain
A nurse is describing primary immune deficiency. Which primary deficiencies should the nurse include?
B lymphocytes and complement
What term does the nurse use to describe the process of endocytosis?
engulfment
A patient with cancer sustains an excessive amount of tumor necrosiss factor alpha. For which condition should the nurse be particularly alert?
cachexia
which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses?
interferon
What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle?
it controls clotting by breaking down fibrin
The nurse is caring for a patient with B-lymphocyte deficiency. The nurse should protect the patient primarily form:
encapsulated bacteria
A patient has a combined immune deficiency. Which important principle should the nurse remember? A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks:
T and B lymphocytes
What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few cells and little protein?
serous
Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the:
skin and mucous membranes
The patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does the nurse expect to see documented in the patient’s chart?
Type I
When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify:
arthralgia, anemia, and rash
A patient asks a nurse what leukotrienes do. Which of the following is the best answer? Leukotrienes
cause increased vascular permeability
A patient asks about the role of clotting mechanisms during inflammation. The nurse should indicate that the function of the clotting cascade during inflammation is to:
trap microorganisms
A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by:
neisseria
The nurse is planning a community teaching event about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To which population should the teaching be primarily targeted?
women, 20-40 years old
