the cell and mechanism of defense

Question 1

Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? Free radical injury can be caused by:

Answer 1

tissue damage by antioxidants

Question 2

When a patient has tissue ischemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation, which of the following does the nurse expect?

Answer 2

Decreased ATP production

Question 3

The nurse in the genetics clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progresssive dementia in middle to later adulthood. To which disease is the nurse most likely referring?

Answer 3

Huntington disease

Question 4

A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease trait and one is normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents?

Answer 4

Both parents could be carriers

Question 5

Which of the following statements by a clinician about mutations is correct?

Answer 5

Mutations are alterations in a normal DNA sequence.

Question 6

Which information indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of clastogens? Clastogens are agents that cause:

Answer 6

chromosomal breakage

Question 7

The nurse documents “tattooing and stippling” in a trauma patient. Which type of injury does this patient have?

Answer 7

gunshot woulnds

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome?

Answer 8

21

Question 9

When teaching staff Tay-Sachs disease, which information should the nurse include? Tay-Sachs disease results in the accumulation of :

Answer 9

lipids in the nerve cells of the brain

Question 10

When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the nurse document of the chart?

Answer 10

an avulsion

Question 11

When an infant has been identified as having had fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameters should be considered?

Answer 11

low birth weight, mental retardation, facial anomalies

All of the above

Question 12

A geneticist is teaching a class that includes information about DNA. Which information should be included? DNA contains:

Answer 12

the genetic code for all parts of the body.

Question 13

An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has:

Answer 13

alleles at a given locus that are different from one another

Question 14

A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function to :

Answer 14

protect cells from injury

Question 15

If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first?

Answer 15

Brain

Question 16

A nurse is describing primary immune deficiency. Which primary deficiencies should the nurse include?

Answer 16

B lymphocytes and complement

Question 17

What term does the nurse use to describe the process of endocytosis?

Answer 17

engulfment

Question 18

A patient with cancer sustains an excessive amount of tumor necrosiss factor alpha. For which condition should the nurse be particularly alert?

Answer 18

cachexia

Question 19

which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses?

Answer 19

interferon

Question 20

What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle?

Answer 20

it controls clotting by breaking down fibrin

Question 21

The nurse is caring for a patient with B-lymphocyte deficiency. The nurse should protect the patient primarily form:

Answer 21

encapsulated bacteria

Question 22

A patient has a combined immune deficiency. Which important principle should the nurse remember? A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks:

Answer 22

T and B lymphocytes

Question 23

What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few cells and little protein?

Answer 23

serous

Question 24

Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the:

Answer 24

skin and mucous membranes

Question 25

The patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does the nurse expect to see documented in the patient’s chart?

Answer 25

Type I

Question 26

When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify:

Answer 26

arthralgia, anemia, and rash

Question 27

A patient asks a nurse what leukotrienes do. Which of the following is the best answer? Leukotrienes

Answer 27

cause increased vascular permeability

Question 28

A patient asks about the role of clotting mechanisms during inflammation. The nurse should indicate that the function of the clotting cascade during inflammation is to:

Answer 28

trap microorganisms

Question 29

A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by:

Answer 29

neisseria

Question 30

The nurse is planning a community teaching event about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To which population should the teaching be primarily targeted?

Answer 30

women, 20-40 years old