The Cell: An Overview (chapter 2)

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Information is stored in the DNA

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

The information in DNA is copied into RNA

Question 3

Resolution

Answer 3

The ability of a microscope to distinguish two objects as being separate

Higher resolution = short wavelengths
Lower resolution= longer wavelengths

Question 4

Magnification

Answer 4

Higher magnification increases resolution

Question 5

Microscopy

Answer 5

A. Light microscopy
1. Reflected light
2. Transmitted light
3. Fluorescence

B. Electron microscopy
1. Transmission
2. Scanning

Question 6

Illumination

Answer 6

Contrast enhancing methods:
A. dark field
Illuminates at an angle so light does not hit the objective lens directly

B. Phase contrast
Method creates slight phase shifts in the illuminating light, which manifest as a higher detailed images

Question 7

Prokaryotes

Answer 7

• DNA found in nucleoid
• Single, circular chromosome and often several circular plasmids

Question 8

Eukaryotes

Answer 8

• DNA housed in nucleus
• One or more linear chromosomes

Question 9

Plasma membrane

Answer 9

Phospholipid bilayer + thousands of proteins

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

• Consists of cytosol + organelles
  •mostly water
  • full of macromolecules + smaller molecules
  • metabolic activities
  • signal transduction

Question 11

Cytosol

Answer 11

Aqueous liquid in cytoplasm

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

• Highly organized machine consisting of proteins and rRNA
• More like and enzyme than an organelle
• Reads sequence of mRNA to coordinate translation into proteins

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Filamentous polymers that participate in many processes such as
- cell division
- cell shape
- intracellular transport

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Made up of:
- nuclear pore complex
- nuclear envelope
- chromatin
- nucleolus

Question 15

ATP

Answer 15

ATP is a byproduct as well as H2O after a cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria where sugars and O2 are used to make ATP and H2O

Question 16

Flagella

Answer 16

Movements propel through watery medium

Question 17

Nucleic acids

Answer 17

Polymers of nucleotides

Question 18

Hydrophobic

Answer 18

Water hating - fat loving
Hydrophobic tail

Question 19

Cell

Answer 19

functional basic unit of life

Question 20

Organelle

Answer 20

Specialized subunit in a cell

Question 21

Pilus

Answer 21

Hair-like appendage found on the surface on many bacteria and archaea

Question 22

Bilayer

Answer 22

Double layer

Question 23

Gene

Answer 23

Sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce functional RNA

Question 24

Nucleoid

Answer 24

Region within a prokaryotic cell containing genetic material

Question 25

Messenger RNA

Answer 25

RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein

Question 26

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 26

A ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes