The Cell

Question 1

Peroxisomes

Answer 1

contain hydrogen peroxide and break down a long chain of fatty acids via Beta oxidation. Part of the pentose phosphate pathway for synthesis of phospholipids

Question 2

MF and MT in mitosis

Answer 2

MF= cleavage furrow // MT= spindle fibers

Question 3

Gram positive cell wall

Answer 3

deep purple after the stain. Thick layer of peptidoglycan. Lipoteichoic acid that the human immune system reacts to.

Question 4

Gram negative cell wall

Answer 4

pink-red after stain. Very thin peptidoglycan. Outer membranes of lipopolysaccharides (causes the human immune response) and phospholipids.

Question 5

Virulence factors

Answer 5

traits in plasmids that increase how pathogenic a bacteria is. Can lead to the creation of episomes which are capable of integrating into genome of bacterium. Helps bacterial genetic recombination

Question 6

positive sense RNA viron

Answer 6

genome may be directly translated to functional proteins by the ribosome of host (like mRNA)

Question 7

Negative sense RNA viron

Answer 7

require synthesis of an RNA strand complementary, which can then be used as a template for protein synthesis. Negative sense RNA viruses must have RNA replicase to ensure complementary strand is synthesized

Question 8

viroids

Answer 8

very short circular single stranded RNA that infects plants to silence their genes. (human example is hepatitis D)