The Cell Flashcards
Golgi Apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Location: near the nucleus & consists of a stack of flattened sacs.
Ribosomes
non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis made of RNA and protein
Location: found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Cell Membrane
semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its contents; its job is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell, while keeping others out.
Mitochondria (plant/animal cell)
“powerhouse” of the cell; site of cellular respiration, energy in food is converted into energy for the use by the cell.
Chloroplast
(in plants & algae); organelles that capture the energy from sunlight & convert it into chemical energy, process called photosynthesis.
Lysosome
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell considered the “garbage men of the cell.”
Cytoplasm
jelly-like fluid that fills a cell; made up of mostly water and salt; region b/w the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Cell wall
the outermost layer of cells in plants, bacteria, fungi, & algae that gives shape to the cell & protects it from infection; cell wall is made out of cellulose & determines tissue texture.
Centriole
pair found w/in the centrosome, composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring; will replicate during cell division.
Vacuole
found in both plant and animal cells, sac-like structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbs.
Vesicle
a membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell; has distinct inside and outside membrane characteristics.
