The Cell

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Structural and functional unit of all living things

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains genetic material, control center of cell

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

Genetic material stored when cell is not dividing, threadlike and loosely dispersed throughout the nucleus

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

When cell is in the process of dividing, chromatin coils and condenses forming dense rod like bodies called chromosomes

Question 5

Nucleoli

Answer 5

Small round bodies in nucleus composed of proteins and RNA that are the assembly sites for ribosomal particles

Question 6

Nuclear envelope

Answer 6

Double layered porous membrane bounding in the nucleus, and contains nuclear pores to permit easy passage of protein and RNA molecules

Question 7

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

Separates cell contents from the surrounding environment, main structural components are phospholipids and globular protein molecules.

Question 8

Selective permeability

Answer 8

Plasma membranes ability to be selective about what passes through it, keeps bad out and good in by not allowing passage, and takes good in and let’s bad out by allowing passage

Question 9

Microvilli

Answer 9

Finger like projections or folds that increas surface area of cell available for absorption or for passage of materials and for binding if singling molecules

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

Consists of the cell contents between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Question 11

Cytosol

Answer 11

The fluid cytoplasmic material that suspends organelles and acts as cushioning

Question 12

Organelles

Answer 12

Metabolic machinery of cell

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein : actual sites of protein synthesis; floating freely or attached to membranous structures ( rough ER) in cytoplasm

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum ER

Answer 14

Membranous system of tubules that extend throughout the cytoplasm; rough ER is studded with ribosomes, tubules of the rough ER provide area for storage and transport of proteins made on ribosomes to other cells; external face synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol. Smooth ER doesn’t function in protein synthesis (site for steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detox)

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles; found close to nucleus; plays role in packaging proteins or other substances for export from cell or incorporation into plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes

Question 16

Lysosomes

Answer 16

Various sized membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) function to digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell; have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured

Question 17

Peroxisomes

Answer 17

Small lysosome-like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful substances; stabilize free radicles

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Rod shaped bodies with double membrane wall; inner membrane is thrown into folds called cristae; contains enzymes that oxidize food stuffs to produce energy ATP; “powerhouse of cell”

Question 19

Centrioles

Answer 19

Paired, cylindrical bodies lie at right angles to each other close to the nucleus; direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division ; form the bases of cilla and flagella

Question 20

Cytoskeletal elements

Answer 20

Provide cellular support: function in intracellular transport

Question 21

Micro filaments

Answer 21

Formed largely of actin, a contractile protein, important in cell mobility

Question 22

Intermediate filaments

Answer 22

Stable elements composed of a variety of proteins and resist mechanical forces acting on cells

Question 23

Microtubuels

Answer 23

Form internal structure of the centrioles and help determin cell shape