The Cell Flashcards
What are the 4 tenets of cell theory?
- the cell is the basic functional unit of life
- all cells come from preexisting cells
- all living things are composed of cells
- cells carry genetic information in DNA and that information is passed down to daughter cells
The cell’s organelles are suspended in the:
cytosol
The cytosol allows for:
diffusion of molecules throughout the cell
The nucleus is surrounded by:
the nuclear membrane or envelope
The nuclear membrane is a:
double membrane that maintains the nuclear environment separate from the cytoplasm
Nuclear pores allow:
selective 2-way exchange of material between the cytoplasm and the nucleus
A gene is:
a region of DNA that codes for a protein
Histones are:
organizing proteins around which linear DNA is wound
Chromosomes are:
linear strands in which the DNA is further wound
The nucleolus is where:
rRNA is synthesized and takes up 25% of volume in the nucleus and can be seen as a dark spot
Mitochondria:
- makes ATP; “powerhouse”; organelle of metabolic functions
- Are different from other organelles in that they are semiautonomous, contain some of their own genes, and replicate independently of the nucleus using binary fission
Mitochondria has:
an outer and inner membrane
The outer mitochondrial membrane:
serves as a barrier between the cytosol and the inside of the mitochondria
The inner membrane:
has many folds called cristae, contains enzymes and molecules necessary for the electron transport chain
The intermembrane space:
the space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria