The Cell Flashcards
Microscopy
To see cells and the structures within them.
Unicellular Organism
Carry out all activities necessary for life.
Plasma Membrane
A bilayer made of lipids with embedded protein molecules.
Cytoplasm
Contains the cytosol and cytoskeleton.
Cytosol
Is an aqueous solution containing ions, various organic molecules, and organelles.
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape and plays key roles in the cel division and chromosome segregation.
Prokaryotes
The nucleoid region has no boundary membrane.
Many species of bacteria have a few internal membranes.
Eukaryotes
The true nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by membranes.
Cytoplasm typically contains extensive membrane systems that form organelles.
Prokaryotic Chromosome
DNA is a single, circular molecule.
Glycocalyx
Polysaccharides that are on the external cell wall.
Slime Layer
Glycolcalyx that is loosely associated with the cells.
Capsule
Glycocalyx when it is firmly attached.
Flagella
The part that moves many bacteria and archaeans.
Bacterial flagellum
Rotate in a socket and pushes the cell through a liquid medium.
Pili
Hairlike structures that attach the cell to to surfaces or other cells.
Nuclear Envelope
Separates the nucleus.
Consists of two membranes.
Nuclear Pore Complexes
Embedded in the nuclear envelope regulate the transport of proteins and RNA molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm
Liquid within the nucleus.
Chromatin
Combination of DNA and proteins.
Eukaryotic Chromosome
DNA is linear-organized with its proteins into specific ________ _________.
Nucleoli
Eukaryotic nucleus contains one or more.
Formed around the genes coding for rRNA molecules of ribosomes.
Endomembrane System
Divides the cell into functional and structural compartments.
Vesicles
Small membrane bound sacs that transfer substances between parts of the system.
Cisternae
Extensive interconnected network of membranous channels and ______.
ER lumen
A single membrane that surrounds an enclosed space.
Rough ER
Has many ribosomes on its outer surface.
Smooth ER
Membranes have no ribosomes attached to their surfaces.
