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MED EXAM > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell

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2
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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3
Q

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is responsible for protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

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5
Q

Which structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

What type of cell contains membrane-bound organelles?

A

Eukaryotic cell

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell theory? A) All living things are made of cells B) Cells are the basic unit of life C) All cells have a nucleus D) All cells arise from pre-existing cells

A

C) All cells have a nucleus

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8
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Protein and lipid synthesis

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9
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is involved in packaging and distributing proteins.

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?

A

Cell wall

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13
Q

Multiple choice: Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances? A) Ribosome B) Lysosome C) Peroxisome D) Nucleus

A

C) Peroxisome

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14
Q

What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?

A

Digestion and waste removal

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15
Q

True or False: The nucleolus is responsible for ribosome production.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A

Regulate what enters and exits the cell

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

Cytoskeleton

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18
Q

What is the main component of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipids

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19
Q

Multiple choice: Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Endocytosis

A

B) Osmosis

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20
Q

What are the small structures within a cell that perform specific functions called?

A

Organelles

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21
Q

True or False: All cells are the same size.

A

False

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22
Q
A
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23
Q
A
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24
Q
A
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25
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
26
True or False: All living organisms are composed of cells.
True.
27
What structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
The cell membrane.
28
Fill in the blank: The genetic material of a cell is stored in the __________.
nucleus.
29
Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?
Mitochondria.
30
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis.
31
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell theory? A) All living things are made of cells, B) Cells are the basic unit of life, C) Cells can arise from non-cellular materials.
C) Cells can arise from non-cellular materials.
32
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?
Cytoplasm.
33
True or False: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
True.
34
What organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
Golgi apparatus.
35
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a protective barrier that surrounds the cell.
cell membrane.
36
Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of lipids?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
37
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances? A) Lysosome, B) Peroxisome, C) Ribosome.
B) Peroxisome.
38
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
Digestion and waste removal.
39
True or False: Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
True.
40
Fill in the blank: The __________ contains the cell's DNA.
nucleus.
41
What structure provides shape and support to plant cells?
Cell wall.
42
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria.
43
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is found only in plant cells? A) Cell wall, B) Mitochondria, C) Ribosomes.
A) Cell wall.
44
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis and processing.
45
True or False: Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
True.
46
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton.
47
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell.
48
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for storing materials like water, salts, and proteins? A) Lysosome, B) Vacuole, C) Golgi apparatus.
B) Vacuole.
49
What is the primary role of the nucleolus?
Ribosome production.
50
True or False: The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
True.
51
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
nucleolus.
52
Name two structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells have both.
53
Describe the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.
54
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.
55
Compare the structure of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough ER has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, while Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.
56
How does the Golgi apparatus modify and transport proteins?
The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins (e.g., glycosylation) and packages them into vesicles for secretion or transport.
57
What is the function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
58
Why are mitochondria known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic respiration, providing energy for cellular processes.
59
Describe the structure of the mitochondrion and how it is adapted for its function.
Mitochondria have a double membrane; the inner membrane is folded into cristae to increase surface area for ATP production.
60
What is the function of chloroplasts, and in which types of cells are they found?
Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and are found in plant cells and some protists.
61
Explain how the cytoskeleton contributes to cell structure and function.
The cytoskeleton provides structural support, enables intracellular transport, and facilitates cell movement.
62
What is the difference between the cell wall of a plant cell and the cell membrane of an animal cell?
Plant cell walls (made of cellulose) provide structural support, whereas the cell membrane controls substance exchange.
63
Describe the role of vesicles in cellular transport.
Vesicles transport materials within the cell and are involved in secretion and endocytosis.
64
Explain the process of exocytosis and its importance in cells.
Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the membrane to release substances outside the cell.
65
What is the function of peroxisomes in a eukaryotic cell?
Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids.
66
Name the three main components of the cell membrane and their functions.
The cell membrane consists of phospholipids (barrier), proteins (transport and signaling), and cholesterol (fluidity regulation).
67
Explain the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.
The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic structure with proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.
68
How do carrier and channel proteins facilitate transport across the membrane?
Carrier proteins change shape to transport molecules, while channel proteins form pores for passive diffusion.
69
What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?
Active transport requires ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient, while passive transport does not.
70
How do cells communicate with each other through cell signaling?
Cell signaling involves receptors on the cell surface detecting signaling molecules (e.g., hormones) to trigger a response.
71
Describe the process of osmosis and its effect on animal and plant cells.
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. In animal cells, too much water causes lysis, while in plant cells, it creates turgor pressure.

MED EXAM (5 decks)

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