The Cell Flashcards
(41 cards)
Why are mitochondria known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria are the primary sites for cellular respiration, producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Mitochondria also play a key role in the ageing process and the onset of degenerative disease.
What is the function of mitochondria in cells?
Releasing energy from food through cellular respiration
How do muscle cells relate to mitochondria?
Muscle cells can contain thousands of mitochondria due to their high energy needs
What adaptations make red blood cells suitable for oxygen transport?
Small and flexible, bi-concave shape, thin membrane, and contain hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that binds to oxygen.
What are stomata and their function?
Stomata are small pores surrounded by guard cells that regulate gas exchange
They allow for the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen during photosynthesis.
What modifications do epidermal cells undergo for gas exchange?
Epidermal cells are modified into stomata
What modifications do epidermal cells undergo for absorption of water and minerals?
Epidermal cells form root hairs, which increase the surface area for absorption
Fill in the blank: Hemoglobin is the _______ inside red blood cells that carries oxygen.
protein
True or False: Mitochondria are involved only in energy production.
False
Mitochondria also play roles in the ageing process and degenerative diseases.
What structure controls cell activities?
Nucleus
The nucleus is identified as structure number 4.
Name a biochemical process taking place in the cytoplasm.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis occurs in part 2, which is the cytoplasm.
What happens if the cell wall is removed?
The cell will lose structural support and shape, becoming fragile and prone to bursting under osmotic pressure.
This refers to the effect of removing part 1.
What happens if the vacuole is overfilled with water?
The cell may experience increased internal pressure, potentially leading to cytolysis or cell bursting.
This refers to the effect of overfilling part 3.
What is the structure labeled E?
Nucleolus
This is part of the nucleus.
What is the function of the nuclear envelope (labeled F)?
It serves as a barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, regulating the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
Which cytoplasmic organelles are formed by the nucleolus?
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are essential components formed by the nucleolus.
What happens to the nucleolus during cell division?
It disassembles and becomes less distinct as the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Give one example of how cell shape relates to cell function.
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Their biconcave shape increases surface area, facilitating efficient gas exchange.
Name another example of how cell shape relates to function.
Neurons
Their elongated shape enables the transmission of electrical impulses over long distances.
Provide a third example of how cell shape relates to function.
Epithelial Cells in the Intestine
Their columnar shape enhances absorption of nutrients due to increased surface area.
In the fluid mosaic model, which component represents fluid?
Lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer allows for lateral movement of phospholipids and proteins.
In the fluid mosaic model, which component represents mosaic?
Proteins
These proteins create a diverse arrangement embedded within or attached to the lipid bilayer.
Select structures present in all cells of all kingdoms.
Cell membrane, Nucleus, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Ribosome
These structures are universally found across all cell types.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining cell homeostasis.
