The Cell Flashcards
What are integral proteins?
Transmembrane proteins located between the phospholipid bilayer
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
It is composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids
It has a phospholipid bilayer
How is the phospholipid bilayer oriented?
The hydrophilic heads face the outside while the hydrophobic tails face each other, facing the inner layer of the membrane
What is a glycocalyx?
The carbohydrate component of glycolipids, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins on the viscous outer surface
What is the permeability of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is semipermeable (selectively)
What are the main functions of the plasma membrane?
Regulates the selective entry of molecules and other molecules, they have many proteins that contain various functions, and maintain an internal environment separate from the exterior of the cell
What do proteins in the membrane do?
Proteins in the cell can serve as:
-anchors for cell-to-cell junction and the cytoskeleton
-receptors that convey signals from the exterior
-channels or pumps that can create an electrical potential
-enzymes
Are there more proteins present in or outside of cells?
Inside (lots of protein is synthesized)
What are the types of membrane proteins? 6
Ion channel (integral) proteins
Carrier (integral) proteins
Receptor (integral) proteins
Enzyme (integral and peripheral) proteins
Linker (integral and peripheral) proteins
Cell identify marker (glycoproteins)
What do ion channel proteins do?
Ion channel proteins allow specific ions to move through water-filled pore.
Most plasma membranes include specific channels for several common ions
What do carrier proteins do?
Carrier proteins (also known as transporters) transport specific substances across the membrane by changing shape.
ex. amino acids, need to be new synthesized proteins to enter the body cells via carriers
What do receptor proteins do?
Receptor proteins recognize specific ligand such as hormone and alters cell’s function in some way
What do enzyme proteins do?
Catalyze reactions inside or out of the cell depending on the surface the active site faces
What do linker proteins do?
Linker proteins anchor filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell
May also participate in movement of the cell or link two cells together to provide structural support for the tissue
What do cell identify markers do?
Cell identify markers distinguish your cells from anyone else’s, allowing the immune system to target foreign cells
