The Cell

Question 1

Nucleoid Region

Answer 1

DNA region in prokaryotes

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Makes ribosomes. Sits in nucleus, no membrane

Question 3

Peroxisomes

Answer 3

Collect and break down material

Question 4

Rought ER

Answer 4

Accept mRNA to make proteins

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

Detox and make lipids

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

Modify/distribute proteins. Only in eukaryotes.

Question 7

Vesicular Transport

Answer 7

COPII–> forward
COPI–> return

Question 8

Cisternal Maturation

Answer 8

Vesicles travel in retrograde
New Cis made
Cis/Medial/Trans/Exit

Question 9

Peroxisomes

Answer 9

Collect and break down material

Question 10

Centrioles

Answer 10

9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Demo and recycling center. Made by Golgi. Single membrane

Question 12

Plasmids

Answer 12

In prokaryotes. Carry DNA not necessary for survival

Question 13

Obligate Aerobe

Answer 13

requires O2

Question 14

Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 14

Dies in O2

Question 15

Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 15

Toggle between Aerobic/Anaerobic

Question 16

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Answer 16

Does not use O2 but tolerates it

Question 17

Gram +

Answer 17

Purple, thick peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid cell wall

Question 18

Gram -

Answer 18

pink-red, thin peptidoglycan cell wall and an outer membrane

Question 19

Eukaryote

Answer 19

ETC in mitochondria
Large ribosomes
Reproduce vs mitosis

Question 20

Prokaryote

Answer 20

ETC in cell membrane
Small ribosomes
Reproduce via binary fission
Plasmids carry DNA material. May have virulence factors. Plasmids that integrate into genome are Episomes

Question 21

Prions

Answer 21

infectious proteins. Trigger misfolding. alpha helical–> beta pleated sheets. Decrease solubility

Question 22

Viroid

Answer 22

Plant pathogens

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

Actin

Question 24

Microtubules

Answer 24

Tubulin

Question 25

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 25

Keratin= Vimentin; Desmin= Lamin

Question 26

Epithelia

Answer 26

Tissues

Question 27

Parenchyma

Answer 27

functional parts of organ

Question 28

Simple

Answer 28

One layer

Question 29

Stratified

Answer 29

Multiple layers

Question 30

Pseudostratified

Answer 30

One layer (looks mult, but really just 1)

Question 31

Cuboidal

Answer 31

cube shape

Question 32

columnar

Answer 32

long and narrow

Question 33

Squamous

Answer 33

flat, scale-like

Question 34

Connective

Answer 34

stroma (support, extracellular matrix). Bone, cartilage, tendon, blood

Question 35

Transformation

Answer 35

gets genetic info from environment

Question 36

Conjugation

Answer 36

transfer of genetic info via conjugation bridge
F+–> F= or Hfr–> recipient

Question 37

Transduction

Answer 37

transfer using bacteriophage

Question 38

Transposon

Answer 38

genetic info that can insert/remove themselves

Question 39

Capsids

Answer 39

protein coat

Question 40

Envelope

Answer 40

some have lipid envelope

Question 41

Virion

Answer 41

individual virus particles

Question 42

Bacteriophage

Answer 42

bacteria virus. Tail sheath injects DNA/RNA

Question 43

Viral Genome

Answer 43

May be DNA or RNA. Single or double stranded

Question 44

Positive Sense

Answer 44

can be translated by host cell

Question 45

Negative Sense

Answer 45

RNA replicase must synthesize a complimentary strand, which can then be translated

Question 46

Retrovirus

Answer 46

single stranded RNA. Reverse transcriptase needed to make DNA

Question 47

Lytic Cycle

Answer 47

virions made until cell lyses

Question 48

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 48

virus integrates into genome as provirus or prophage. Goes dormant until stress activates it.