The Cell

Question 1

What are the characteristics of living things?

Answer 1

All living things MOVE.
RESPIRATION- getting energy from food
SENSITIVITY- detect and respond to changes in the surroundings
All living things GROW
REPRODUCE
EXCRETION- getting rid of waste
NUTRITION- taking in and using food

Question 2

What are the levels of organisation in the human body?

Answer 2

Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissue
Organs
Body system

Question 3

What is a molecule?

Answer 3

Molecule is formed when two or more atoms of a specific element are chemically joined together

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

Two or more different types of atom combined

Question 5

Where are electrolytes found in the body?

Answer 5

Blood

Question 6

What charge does electrolytes have within the body? Why?

Answer 6

Have positive or negative charge so it has an ability to conduct electricity withing cells and carry electrical impulses across the cell membrane.
Essential for muscle and nerve function, maintaining fluid balances and maintaining pH of body fluids

Question 7

What is sodium imporant for?

Answer 7

Control of heart rate
Muscle movement
Nerve impulses

Question 8

What is potassium essential for

Answer 8

Heart rate control
Nerve and muscle
Blood pH

Question 9

What is chloride essential for?

Answer 9

Fluid balance

Question 10

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Hold contents of the cell
Has channels that control the movement of substances in and out cell

Question 11

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 11

Surround and protects the nucleus

Question 12

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 12

Controls chromosomes
Control centre of the cell
Pores in the nucleus membrane allows movement from inside nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 13

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 13

Powerhouse of the cell

Question 14

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Network allows substances to be transported around cell

Question 15

What is the function of the ribosome

Answer 15

Makes proteins

Question 16

What is the function Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Exports products out of the cell

Question 17

What is the function of lysosomes

Answer 17

Waste collectors- has enzymes to breakdown the waste products

Question 18

What is the function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Networks of protein fibres which provide structural support
Maintain cell shape and facilitate movement

Question 19

What is cellular respiration

Answer 19

Production of chemical energy from oxygen and glucose

Question 20

C6H12O6+6O2=6H2O+ENERGY

Answer 20

GLUCOSE+OXYGEN=WATER+CARBON DIOXIDE+ATP

Question 21

What must cells do to survive and grow

Answer 21

Obtain nutrients
Synthesise materials for growth, repair and division
Provide energy for movement and metabolic processes
Excrete waste
Maintain a stable concentration of chemicals in the cell

Question 22

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 22

Mitosis results in two genetically identiacal cells and is how all body cells grow except gametes
Meiosis is splitting the cells and is only the gametes

Question 23

What is the full form of DNA

Answer 23

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 24

Outline the cell cycle

Answer 24

G1 (growth)
Interphase
G2
Mitotic phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase,telophase + cytokinesis)

Question 25

What are the passive that substances move across the cell membrane

Answer 25

Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

Question 26

What are the active processes of how substances move across the cell membrane

Answer 26

Active transport
Endo/exocyosis