The Cell

Question 1

the outermost component of the cell

Answer 1

Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane

Question 2

substances outside the cell such as sodium ions, calcium ions, and chlorine ions.

Answer 2

Extracellular Substances

Question 3

substances inside the cell such as enzymes, glycogen, and potassium ions

Answer 3

Intracellular Substances

Question 4

a double layer of molecules that forms a a lipid barrier between inside and outside of the cells.

Answer 4

Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 5

known as “water-loving.”

Answer 5

Hydrophilic head

Question 6

known as “water-fearing.”

Answer 6

Hydrophobic tail

Question 7

the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane

Answer 7

Fluid-Mosaic Model

Question 8

occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than other.

Answer 8

Concentration Gradient

Question 9

transport through the cell membrane

Answer 9

Membrane Transport

Question 10

the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy.

Answer 10

Passive Transport

Question 11

the movement of molecules across the cell membrane with the use of energy.

Answer 11

Active Transport

Question 12

the tendency for solutes to move from an area of higher concentrations to an area of lower concentration of that solute in a solution.

Answer 12

Simple diffusion

Question 13

move large water-soluble molecules or electrically charged ions across the cell membrane

Answer 13

Carrier-mediated transport mechanism

Question 14

is a carrier mediated transport process that moves substances into or out of cells from a higher to a lower concentration of that substance.

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

the diffusion of water/solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution.

Answer 16

Isotonic solution

Question 17

a solution that has a higher concentration as another solution.

Answer 17

Hypertonic solution

Question 18

a solution that has a lower concentration as another solution.

Answer 18

Hypotonic solution

Question 19

a carrier-mediated process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentrations to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient

Answer 19

Active transport

Question 20

the uptake of material through the cell membrane

Answer 20

Endocytosis

Question 21

known as “cell-eating.” a term used when solid particles are ingested.

Answer 21

Phagocytosis

Question 22

known as “cell-drinking.” a term used when liquid droplets are ingested by living cell

Answer 22

Pinocytosis

Question 23

the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane and results in the discharge of vesicle content

Answer 23

Exocytosis

Question 24

large organelle usually located near the center of the cell.

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

it consists of outer and inner membranes which can be found in the nucleus.

Answer 25

Nuclear envelope

Question 26

this is where the materials can pass into or out of the nucleus

Answer 26

Nuclear pores

Question 27

the nucleus contains loosely coiled fibers which consists of the DNA and protein.

Answer 27

Chromatin

Question 28

are rounded, dense, well-defined nuclear bodies with no surrounding membrane.

Answer 28

Nucleoli

Question 29

are the organelles where proteins are produced.

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

is a series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm.

Answer 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 31

an ER with ribosomes attached to it; site for protein synthesis

Answer 31

Rough ER

Question 32

an ER without ribosomes attached to it; site for lipid synthesis

Answer 32

Smooth ER

Question 33

consists of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs.

Answer 33

Golgi Apparatus

Question 34

collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins & lipids manufactured by the ER

Answer 34

Golgi Apparatus

Question 35

a small membrane bound sac that transports or stores materials within the cells.

Answer 35

Vesicles

Question 36

pinch off from the Golgi Apparatus and move to the surface of the cell.

Answer 36

Secretory Vesicles

Question 37

are membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi Apparatus; contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems.

Answer 37

Lysosomes

Question 38

are small, membrane-bound vesicles, containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 38

Peroxisomes

Question 39

are small, bean-shaped, rod-shaped, or long, threadlike organelles with inner and outer membranes separated by a space.

Answer 39

Mitochondria

Question 40

the numerous folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondria.

Answer 40

Cristae

Question 41

the oxygen is required to allow the reactions that produce ATP to proceed.

Answer 41

Aerobic Respiration

Question 42

consists of proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape.

Answer 42

Cytoskeleton

Question 43

these are hollow structures formed from protein subunits.

Answer 43

Microtubules

Question 44

these are small fibrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support the cytoplasm.

Answer 44

Microfilaments

Question 45

these are fibrils formed from protein subunits; it provides mechanical support to the cell.

Answer 45

Intermediate Filaments

Question 46

is a specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus that is the center of microtubule formation.

Answer 46

Centrosome

Question 47

A centrosome contains ___ centrioles, and each centrioles is composed of ____ triplets each containing ____ parallel microtubules.

Answer 47

2 centrioles, 9 triplets, 3 parallel microtubules

Question 48

project from the surface of the cells, are capable of moving, and vary in number from none to thousands per cell

Answer 48

Cilia

Question 49

have a structure similar to that of cilia but are much longer, and usually occur only one per cell

Answer 49

Flagella

Question 50

are specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments.

Answer 50

Microvilli