The Cell

Question 1

What is cell theory?

Answer 1

1. all organisms are made of cells which life process occur in
2. cells are basic units fo organisation
3. a cell can only arise through division of a previously existing cell

Question 2

A larger rounder cell is less efficient in _______ and _______

Answer 2

diffusion and removal of wastes

Question 3

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells vs prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

prokaryotic: nucleoid

eukaryotic: nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane (double membrane)

Question 4

Two main domains of prokaryotes and what are their cell walls composed of?

Answer 4

bacteria:
peptidoglycans

archaea: pseudopeptidoglycan

Question 5

What does DNA become compacted into

Answer 5

1. Nucleosomes (DNA wrapped around histones)
2. chromatin (nucleosomes wrapped around each other)
3. Chromosomes (chromatin compacted)

Question 6

What is the function of the nuclear envelope

Answer 6

movement of proteins and exportation of RNA complexes

Question 7

What is the endomembrane system comprised of and what are their functions?

Answer 7

golgi, rough and smooth ER, lysosomes

rough ER: protein synthesis and modification

smooth ER: lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

golgi: sort and package

lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes to breakdown and recycle

Question 8

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are

Answer 8

double membrane structures with their own DNA

Question 9

microscope total magnification equation

Answer 9

1. objective lens multiplied by eye piece

Question 10

What are the two appendages which help in movement of the cell and how do they differ

Answer 10

flagella and cilia

flagella:
- arise of basal body
- move in a propeller motion

cilia:
- shorter and more numerous
- beating motion

Question 11

Why are viruses considered non-living an why is this an issue

Answer 11

no cellular structure

cannot carry out basic metabolic functions on own

therefore they need to replicate in a living cell