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IMAT > The cell > Flashcards

The cell Flashcards

1
Q

Prokariotic cells are…

A
  • the simplist kind of cell
  • lack organelles like nucleous and mitochondria
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2
Q

Their DNA are usually…

Prokaytotic cell

A

a single celular chromosome in direct contact with the cytoplasm.

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3
Q

The protein synthesis occours in…

Prokaryotic cell

A

ribosomes

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4
Q

They repoduce…

Prokaryotic cell

A

Asexually by binary fission, they can exchange materials in many ways, like trasformation, transduction and conjugation

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5
Q

Eukariotic cells possess…

A

a nucleus separeted from the rest of the cell by a double layer nuclear membrane

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6
Q

The layer nuclear membrane contains…

A

pores that allow the exchange of molecules with the cytoplasm

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Diagram_human_

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7
Q

In order to keep the protoplasm separated…

Cell membrane

A

from the extracellular environment, the membrane, a** phospholipid belayer** with proteins immersed in

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8
Q

What it consists the phospholipids bilayer?

A

Two layers of phospholipids, they have a hydrophobic tails that form the inner part of the membrane
While the head are hydrophilic because they are in contact with the fluids.

https://dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net/datastreams/f-d%3Aff0a3c0309933b3a9ad861f400360de69819fb3ac521d2825f42d373%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY.1

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9
Q

The cell membrane is…

A

selected permeable and controls the passage of fluid like water, ions and organic molecules outside and inside the cell

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10
Q

Ribosomes are…

A

structures in which protein synthesis happens

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11
Q

Ribosomes can be free or attached to…

A

a rough endoplasmatic reticulum (ER)

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12
Q

Its fuction is…

Golgi apparatus

A

to modify and sort and pack proteins

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13
Q

The golgi apparatus is…

A

is the organelle composed of stacks of membrane-bound structure called cisternae.

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14
Q

What is the ER?

endoplasmatic reticulum

A

is a network tubular extension of the nuclear membrane and is involved in protein trasport.
it can be smooth or rough depending on the presence of ribosomes on its surface

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15
Q

What are the lysosomes

A

vesicles containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, that are digested thanks to the acid environment

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16
Q

Microsomes

A

small vesicles carrying out different tasks, but the most important are peroxisomes, were the oxyidation reactions are taken

17
Q

Mitochondria

A

double membrane organelles possessing their own ribossomes and DNA

18
Q

What is the task of mithocondria?

A

They take care of the cellular repiration, and transform organic substances and oxygen in CO2 and H2O, releasing energy requied for ATP synthesis

19
Q

Passive trasport is…

A

Is when the molecule move from a higher concentration zones to a lower concetration zone** without consuming energy **

20
Q

Metabolism is…

A

the chemical reactions taking place inside a cell

21
Q

Catabolism is…

https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Food-metabolism-diagram.jpg

A

all the reactions that transform molecules in smaller componements

the branch of the metabolic process that breaks down complex, big molecules into smaller ones, yielding energy

22
Q

Anabolism is…

https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Food-metabolism-diagram.jpg

A

the conversion of one molecule into another through a sequence of chemical reactions which may consume or release energy.

Produces cellular macromelecules

23
Q

The molecule of adenosine triphosphate is used

aka ATP

A

as a carrier of energy or ënergy currency” to feed and the reactions requing energy

24
Q

ATP consists in…

A

Three phosphate groups bound to a adenonise and a sugar(ribossio)

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATP_structure.svg/1200px-ATP_structure.svg.png

25
Q

Explain how ATP transfomes it self in to ADP

A

the bond between the first and the second phophate and between the scond and the third one are “high-energy bond”, and in fact when they are broken down a large of energy is released

26
Q

ATP is produce by…

A

cellular respiration and fermation (they break down the glucose)

27
Q

How the cell obtain energy, explain the with the steps

A

the cell obtain energy from oxidation of organic cell, and the main source of energy is the break down of glucose

28
Q

the first step of glucose break down

A

is the glycolysis, is a reaction that produceses Co2 plus 2 molecules of ATP AND 2 OF NADH

29
Q

the second step of glucose break down

A

is the cellular respiration that further oxidezes the pyruvate to CO2 and the H2O

IMAT (4 decks)

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