The Cell Flashcards
Plasmodesmata
Pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells
Intercellular air space
Allows for the interchange of gases
Golgi body
Known as?
Dictysome
Packages and secretes cellular products such as enzymes
Cell wall structure
-Only in plant cells
-permeable
-plasmodesmata
-when mature > middle lamella,cellulose,lignin
Cell wall function
-Gives shape
-protects cell contents
-enables water > dissolved substances pass freely through
Vacuole structure
-Surrounded by tonoplast
-contains cell sap
-plants have large vacuoles, animals small or not present
Vacuole function
-provides turgidy
-regulates water contant of cells
-pigments in vacuole give colour to some fruit,flowers
-stores solutes like minerals
Chloroplast
-Plastids > some plant cells
-chlorophyll absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis
-chromoplasts,leucoplasts
Mitochondrion
-double membrane (inner is smooth) (outer has cristae)
-energy released in form of ATP
-respiration takes place
Cytosol
-site of most chemical reactions
-transports minerals,dissolved nutrients and gases by diffusion
-inorganic,organic
Cell membrane structure (plasma membrane)
Has 2 layers of phospholipid molecules
Cell membrane function
Controls movement of substances in and out of cell (diffusion,osmosis)
- microvilli increase surface area
Nucleus
-surrounded by a double membrane > contains DNA and RNA
-nucleoplasm contains nucleotides
-site of protein synthesis (ribosomes)
-endoplasmic reticulum (facilitates transport of large molecules within cytoplasm)
Differences in plant and animal cells
Plants
-cell wall,large vacuole,no centrosome present
Animals
-no cell wall,small or no vacuole,centrosome present
Diffusion
Net movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration -> reaches equilibrium
