Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Penn Foster Intro to Biology > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

Observe, question, hypothesis, predict, design experiment, conduct experiment, analyze data, draw conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Biological Hierarchy from the smallest unit to largest

A

Atom, molecule, cell organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, biocenoses, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are emergent properties?

A

Properties observed that aren’t in the preceding biological hierarchy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define eukaryotic.

A

Multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define prokaryotic

A

Single cell organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an observation?

A

Something that describes a phenomenon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an inference?

A

Use of previous experience or understanding to come to explain a phenomenon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the control group?

A

Group in an experiment that continues under normal conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the experimental group?

A

Group exposed to something being tested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define variables

A

Factor, condition, or relationship that can be changed in an experiment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are controlled variables?

A

Factors or conditions that don’t change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the manipulated variable?

A

Variable that is different between the control group and experimental group. (Also the independent variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

Variable that is different between the control group and experimental group. (Also the manipulated variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the responding variable?

A

Result of the change in the experimental group. (Also the dependent variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

Result of the change in the experimental group. (Also the responding variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hypothesis?

A

Proposed explanations for phenomenon or problem being studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the null hypothsis?

A

First hypothesis to be tested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the alternative hypotheses?

A

Different hypotheses for if the null hypothsis is rejected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is deductive reasoning?

A

Drawing specific predictions based on broad observations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

Drawing broad conclusions on specific observations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Observations measured using numbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Describes observations, or approximates and characterizes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are protons?

A

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

25
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged particles scattered around the outside of a nucleus.

26
Q

What are Neutrons?

A

Particles in the nucleus of an atom with mass, but no charge. Holds the protons to the nucleus.

27
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons found in the outer most layer and interacts with other atoms.

28
Q

What are the three types of chemical bomds?

A

Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen

29
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Chemical bonds resulting in one atom losing an electron and the other gaining the electron to achieve stability.

30
Q

What are ions?

A

An atom with a charge.

31
Q

What are compounds?

A

Result of two ions forming a bond.

32
Q

What are anions?

A

Negatively charged ions.

33
Q

What are cations?

A

Positively charged ions.

34
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

Atoms sharing electrons to form a full oter shell.

35
Q

What are molecules?

A

Atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

36
Q

What is an octet?

A

Full outer orbital of an electron.

37
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Result of a hydrogen atom attracted to a negatively charged atom.

38
Q

What is an acid?

A

Substance that increases concentration of positive hydronic ions.

39
Q

What is a base?

A

Substance that provides hydroxide ions or other negatively charged ions to combine with hydrogen ions reducing their concentration.

40
Q

What is biological chemistry?

A

Study of chemical reactions and pathways of living cells and organisms.

41
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Large molecules that can be composed of thousands of atoms.

42
Q

What are the 4 main types of macromolecule relevant to biological chemistry?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

43
Q

What are proteins?

A

Polymers composed of alpha amino acids. They control the structure and function of cells.

44
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Primary source of energy for plants and animals. Most abundant naturally occurring organic compounds.

45
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The way plants synthesize carbohydrates using water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

46
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccahrides, and polysaccharides.

47
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Single sugars that can’t be broken down into simpler sugars.

48
Q

What are bisaccarides?

A

Two monosaccharides linked together?

49
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

A chain of monosaccharides linked together forming a chain.

50
Q

What are lipids?

A

Non-polar, water insoluble molecules found in cells and tissues of living organisms.

51
Q

What are simple lipids?

A

Cantains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

52
Q

What are complex lipids?

A

Contain additional elements besides carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen.

53
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Simple lipids that are carboxylic acids with long strands of hydrocarbons.

54
Q

What are waxes?

A

Esters of fatty acids with long chain alcohols.

55
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Phosphate group with two long carbon arms. Phosphate group, head, is hydrophilic and the carbon arms are hydrophobic.

56
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Called fats if solid at room temperature and oils if liquid at room temp.

57
Q

What are steroids?

A

Simple lipids with a base structure of four connected hydrocarbon rings. Important for cell membranes for fluidity and as signaling molecules.

58
Q

What is modern cell theory?

A

All living organisms are made of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of life

All cells arise from preexisting cells

Hereditary information is passed from cell to cell

All cells have the same basic chemical composition

Energy flow occurs within cells

59
Q

What are the 4 key components of a cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes.

Penn Foster Intro to Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions