The Cell Flashcards
Cell
he basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
Type of Cells
Epithelial, Nerve, Muscle, Connective Tissue
Function of the cell
- The cell provides support and structure to the body.
- It facilitates growth by mitosis.
- It helps in reproduction.
- Provides energy and allows the transport of substances.
Epithelial Cells
- cover the inner and outer linings of body cavities, such as the stomach and the urinary tract
- diffusion, filtration, secretion, selective absorption, germination, and transcellular transport.
Nerve Cell
The basic unit of communication in the nervous system
Nerve cell is also called
Neurons
3 Type of Neurons
Sensory, Motor, Interneurons
Muscle Cells
- also known as myocytes (ma-yo-sayts)
- the cells that make up muscle tissue.
Function of Muscle Cells
Muscle cells are specialized to contract, i.e. create a pulling force to stabilize or move parts of the body.
3 Types of Muscle Cells
Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth
Cardiac Muscle (myocardium)
- makes up the thick middle layer of the heart.
- ## surrounded by a thin outer layer called the epicardium
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle
- they are involuntary and intrinsically controlled, striated, branched, and single nucleated.
- Cardiac muscle is considered to be an involuntary tissue because it is controlled unconsciously by regions of the brain stem and hypothalamus.
Skeletal Muscle
- comprise 30 to 40% of your total body mass
- they’re the muscles that connect to your bones and allow you to perform a wide range of movements and functions
- skeletal muscles are under our conscious control, which is why they are also known as voluntary muscles. Another term is striated muscles, since the tissue looks striped when viewed under a microscope.
Functions of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscles maintain posture, stabilize bones and joints, control internal movement, and generate heat.
Smooth Muscle
- an involuntary non-striated muscle
- It is in the stomach and intestines where it helps with digestion and nutrient collection.
Connective Tissue
- tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.
- also stores fat, helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, and helps repair damaged tissue.
- is made up of cells, fibers, and a gel-like substance.
Types of Connective Tissues
BLOOD, BONE, CARTILAGE, CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER.
Cells are made up of
nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
2 Main Types of Cells
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Primary Cell of Connective Tissue
fibroblast. Its function is to produce and maintain the ECM of connective tissue.
Cartilage
is the avascular connective tissue that connects bones at joints and comprises walls of upper respiratory airways and external ear.
3 Types of Cardilage
Hyaline cartilage - most represented type. Rich in collagen II molecules
Elastic cartilage - has many elastic fibers. It is found in the walls of the external
Fibrocartilage - has many collagen I molecules.
Prokaryotic Cell
a type of cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cell
The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes cell
