The Cell

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

7.5 to 10 nm thick, lipid bilayer with large globular proteins. 55% protein, 25% phospholipids, 13% cholesterol, 4% other lipids, 3 % carbohydrates

Question 2

integral and peripheral proteins

Answer 2

most are glycoproteins. integral go all the way through the membrane while peripheral only stay on one side but may be attached to integral proteins acting as enzymes or controllers for integral channels

Question 3

membrane carbohydrates

Answer 3

usually combined with lipids or proteins. give a negative charge and allow other cells to easily attach, act as receptors

Question 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

network of tubules and flat vesicles with a membrane similar to cell, huge surface area, covered with ribosomes

Question 5

smooth er

Answer 5

no ribosomes, produce lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol) which become part of the er membrane and continually break off to the golgi apparatus. produce enzymes that control glycogen breakdown and detoxify substances

Question 6

golgi apparatus

Answer 6

related to er and forms many secretory cells containing proteins and other er products. transported substances are processed (addition carbs added) then released to lysosomes or secretory vesicles

Question 7

lysosomes

Answer 7

break off from golgi apparatus. intracellular digestive system. filled with large number of granules which are protein aggregates of hydrolase digestive enzymes

Question 8

Peroxisomes

Answer 8

similar to lysosomes but formed by self replication by breaking off from er. contain oxidases which cause O2 and hydrogen to combine as hydrogen peroxide

Question 9

Secretory vesicles

Answer 9

most produced by er sent to golgi and released from golgi. these substances are released when needed usually in an inactive form and activate at the site of action

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

powerhouse of the cell. less than 100 to 2-3 thousand. self replicate and contain oxidative enzymes to extract energy