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biology 12 > The cell > Flashcards

The cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

watery fluid found inside of a cell

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

an organelle used for the storage of various substances withing the cell

A

vacuole

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3
Q

these substances are scattered in a mosaic throughout the cell membrane

A

proteins

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4
Q

the cell walls of plants are made from this polysaccharide

A

cellulose

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5
Q

the number of ribosomal subunits

A

2

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6
Q

the middle part of the cell membrane is called _________ because its “water feeling”

A

hydrophobic

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7
Q

organelle which stores and packages proteins within the cell

A

golgi apparatus

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8
Q

short hair-like structures which aid in cell locomotion

A

cilia

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9
Q

proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

A

histones

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10
Q

a dark region within the cells nucleus which produces rRNA

A

nucleolus

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11
Q

the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

diffusion

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12
Q

specialized vacuoles which contain digestive enzymes used to break down unwanted materials within the cell

A

lysosomes

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13
Q

nuclear ______ are openings in the nuclear membrane where substances made in the nucleus can escape

A

pores

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14
Q

this substance is made during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration

A

glucose/oxygen

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15
Q

the idea that all living organisms are composed of cells ad only cells can produce new cells

A

the cell theory

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16
Q

cellular ______ occurs in the mitochondria

A

respiration

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17
Q

this substance is a nucleic acid which is a structural component of ribosomes

A

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

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18
Q

a whip-like projection from the cell used for locomotion

A

flagella

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19
Q

cells which have a membrane-bound nucleus

A

eukaryotic

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20
Q

cells which do not have a true nucleus - usually smaller in size

A

prokaryotic

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21
Q

protein _______ is controlled by the DNA and occurs at the ribosomes

A

synthesis

22
Q

paired structures found in animal cells which aid in the process of cell division and the creation of basal bodies

A

centrioles

23
Q

the structures found at the base of cilia or flagella

A

basal bodies

24
Q

a general term for describing pigment containing organelles found only in plant cells

A

plastids

25
Q

_________ ER is where lipid production occurs

A

Smooth

26
Q

mitochonridia and chloroplasts are related because they both involved in the capture/release of _______

A

energy

27
Q

structure surrounding the cell membrane in plants

A

cell wall

28
Q

organelle which conducts photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

29
Q

these substances are made by the smooth ER

A

lipids (hormones)

30
Q

structure found in the nucleus made up of DNA

A

chromosomes

31
Q

organelles which provide energy to the cell

A

mitochondria

32
Q

a structure found inside of a cell which carries out a specific function

A

organelle

33
Q

the name given to the more robust ribosomal subunits

A

large ribosomal subunit

34
Q

ribosomes are composed of two subunits which are called the _____ and ____ ribosomal subunits repectively

A

small / large

35
Q

the name given to the more diminutive ribosomal subunit

A

small ribosomal subunits

36
Q

these chemicals are a major component of of the cell membrane

A

phospholipids

37
Q

the name given to the model which is used to describe the composition of the cell membrane

A

fluid mosaic

38
Q

process that takes place in mitochondria where sugar and oxygen are combined to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy

A

cellular respiration

39
Q

structure which surrounds the cell contents and monitors the passage of materials in and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

40
Q

a matrix of microtubules and actin filaments which provides internal stability to the cell

A

cytoskeleton

41
Q

folded layers of membrane which act as transport corridors through the cytoplasm of the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

42
Q

the outer and inner surfaces of the cell membrane are called ____ because they associate well with water

A

hydrophilic

43
Q

folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane where the cellular respiration reactions occur

A

cristae

44
Q

a small vacuole- often secreted by the golgi apparatus

A

vesicle

45
Q

the central area of a mitochondrion

A

matrix

46
Q

these structures are a component of the cytoskeleton and aid with internal movement of structures within the cell

A

actin filaments

47
Q

_______ ER is where protein synthesis occurs

A

rough

48
Q

organelle responsible for protein synthesis

A

ribosome

49
Q

part of the cell responsible for controlling cellular functions

A

nucleus

50
Q

lysosomes contain digestive _______ to help break down materials in the cell

A

enzymes

51
Q

this substance makes up chromosomes and codes for proteins

A

DNA

biology 12 (1 decks)

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