The cell Flashcards
watery fluid found inside of a cell
Cytoplasm
an organelle used for the storage of various substances withing the cell
vacuole
these substances are scattered in a mosaic throughout the cell membrane
proteins
the cell walls of plants are made from this polysaccharide
cellulose
the number of ribosomal subunits
2
the middle part of the cell membrane is called _________ because its “water feeling”
hydrophobic
organelle which stores and packages proteins within the cell
golgi apparatus
short hair-like structures which aid in cell locomotion
cilia
proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes
histones
a dark region within the cells nucleus which produces rRNA
nucleolus
the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
diffusion
specialized vacuoles which contain digestive enzymes used to break down unwanted materials within the cell
lysosomes
nuclear ______ are openings in the nuclear membrane where substances made in the nucleus can escape
pores
this substance is made during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration
glucose/oxygen
the idea that all living organisms are composed of cells ad only cells can produce new cells
the cell theory
cellular ______ occurs in the mitochondria
respiration
this substance is a nucleic acid which is a structural component of ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
a whip-like projection from the cell used for locomotion
flagella
cells which have a membrane-bound nucleus
eukaryotic
cells which do not have a true nucleus - usually smaller in size
prokaryotic
protein _______ is controlled by the DNA and occurs at the ribosomes
synthesis
paired structures found in animal cells which aid in the process of cell division and the creation of basal bodies
centrioles
the structures found at the base of cilia or flagella
basal bodies
a general term for describing pigment containing organelles found only in plant cells
plastids
_________ ER is where lipid production occurs
Smooth
mitochonridia and chloroplasts are related because they both involved in the capture/release of _______
energy
structure surrounding the cell membrane in plants
cell wall
organelle which conducts photosynthesis
chloroplast
these substances are made by the smooth ER
lipids (hormones)
structure found in the nucleus made up of DNA
chromosomes
organelles which provide energy to the cell
mitochondria
a structure found inside of a cell which carries out a specific function
organelle
the name given to the more robust ribosomal subunits
large ribosomal subunit
ribosomes are composed of two subunits which are called the _____ and ____ ribosomal subunits repectively
small / large
the name given to the more diminutive ribosomal subunit
small ribosomal subunits
these chemicals are a major component of of the cell membrane
phospholipids
the name given to the model which is used to describe the composition of the cell membrane
fluid mosaic
process that takes place in mitochondria where sugar and oxygen are combined to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy
cellular respiration
structure which surrounds the cell contents and monitors the passage of materials in and out of the cell
cell membrane
a matrix of microtubules and actin filaments which provides internal stability to the cell
cytoskeleton
folded layers of membrane which act as transport corridors through the cytoplasm of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
the outer and inner surfaces of the cell membrane are called ____ because they associate well with water
hydrophilic
folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane where the cellular respiration reactions occur
cristae
a small vacuole- often secreted by the golgi apparatus
vesicle
the central area of a mitochondrion
matrix
these structures are a component of the cytoskeleton and aid with internal movement of structures within the cell
actin filaments
_______ ER is where protein synthesis occurs
rough
organelle responsible for protein synthesis
ribosome
part of the cell responsible for controlling cellular functions
nucleus
lysosomes contain digestive _______ to help break down materials in the cell
enzymes
this substance makes up chromosomes and codes for proteins
DNA
