the cell Flashcards
(27 cards)
This process effects proliferation of cells required for the growth and maintenance of the organism.
Somatic cells divide by mitosis while sex cells divide by meiosis.
CELL DIVISION
Refers to movement of molecules along a gradient.
A naturally occurring phenomenon
Does not require the expenditure of energy on the part of the cell.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Refers to movement of molecules against a gradient.
Requires the expenditure of energy on the part of the cell.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
the difference between the amounts of molecules present at two points, which determines the movement of molecules
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Its rate depends on the following factors:
Temperature- warmer solutions diffuse faster
Concentration of the solution- the greater concentration at some point in a solution, the greater will be the tendency for diffusion
Size of the molecules- larger molecules diffuse more slowly than smaller ones
Viscosity of the solution- the thicker the solution, the slower is the rate of diffusion
DIFFUSION…
the thicker the solution, the slower is the rate of diffusion
Viscosity of the solution-
larger molecules diffuse more slowly than smaller ones
Size of the molecules
the greater concentration at some point in a solution, the greater will be the tendency for diffusion
Concentration of the solution
Temperature-
warmer solutions diffuse faster
occurs when unequal concentration of dissolved substances are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
The solvent moves through the membrane toward the side with the lower concentration.
The solution cannot pass through the membrane and the only way to attain equal concentration on both sides of the membrane is for the solvent to move from the area of lower concentration to the area of higher concentration.
OSMOSIS
The higher the pressure of the blood in the capillaries, the higher is the filtration rate.
hydrostatic pressure.
occurs when water and dissolved substances move through a membrane because of unequal pressure on the 2 sides of the membrane.
FILTRATION
is the ingestion of material by cells
Endocytosis
cell drinking
Pinocytosis
cell eating
Phagocytosis
membranes of a vesicle inside the cell can fuse with the plasma membrane to discharge the contents of the vesicle outside the cell
Exocytosis
a substance may be picked up on one side of the cell, transported completely across the cell and discharged on the other side
Transcytosis
This process effects proliferation of cells required for the growth and maintenance of the organism.
Somatic cells divide by mitosis while sex cells divide by meiosis.
CELL DIVISION
No reduction
Produce diploid daughter cells genetically identical to their parent cell.
Sister chromatids move towards opposite poles
Mitosis
ll nonreproductive cells in a species have the same number of chromosomes.
46 in humans
Chromosomes
forms between the 2 centrioles.
Spindle
Chromosomes condense enough to be seen with a light microscope.
Prophase
Alignment of the chromosomes along center of cell
Metaphase
Separation of the sister chromatids.
Anaphase
