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HISTORY GCSE - Conflict in Asia > The causes of the Korean War > Flashcards

The causes of the Korean War Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

When Marshall and Truman asked Congress for $17 billion to fund the European Recovery Programme - to get the economy of Europe going again

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2
Q

In March 1947, how did President Truman say that the US would come to the aid of any country under threat of communist takeover?

A

With money and military help

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3
Q

What is the policy of ‘containment’?

A

US policy of attempting to stop the spread of communism

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4
Q

What was containment also known as?

A

Truman Doctrine

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5
Q

Why was Stalin suspicious of the Truman Doctrine?

A

He thought it was a way for the US to control Europe by offering money in return for trade

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6
Q

What was the Domino theory?

A

The idea that if one nation in a region fell under communist control, others would follow

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7
Q

What had the USSR developed by 1949?

A

Nuclear weapons

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8
Q

List 5 countries that formed a military alliance called NATO in 1949

A 
Britain
USA 
Canada
France 
Belgium
Other European countries
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9
Q

What was the purpose of NATO?

A

This union was a defence against the USSR and its eastern European allies

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10
Q

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A

A military alliance in response to the formation of NATO

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11
Q

List 8 countries in the Warsaw Pact

A 
The USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania
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12
Q

When did Japan take over Korea?

A

Early 1900s

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13
Q

For long did Korea stay under Japanese control?

A

Until the end of WW2

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14
Q

When did Japan invade China?

A

1931

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15
Q

Who was the leader of the Chinese communists?

A

Mao Tse-tung

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16
Q

When did China become a communist country?

A

1949

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17
Q

Who took charge of North Korea in 1948?

A

A Korean communist called Kim Il-sung

18
Q

What did Kim Il-sung want?

A

A united, independent Korea

19
Q

What is the capital of North Korea?

A

Pyongyang

20
Q

Who became leader in the US-controlled South Korea?

A

Syngman Rhee, a capitalist with strong ties with the US

21
Q

What did Syngman Rhee and Kim Il-sung both have in common?

A

They were both Korean Nationalists

22
Q

What is the capital of South Korea?

A

Seoul

23
Q

Within the UN, who make’s the decisions relating to peace and security?

A

The ‘Security Council’

24
Q

What does veto mean?

A

The right to block a decision made by other’s

25
Q

When China became a communist country, what did the Security Council meet to decide on?

A

Whether the Chinese government should be allowed to join

26
Q

What did the US do when the Security Council met to decide whether China could join?

A

They vetoed the decision. The USSR were keen for the communist China to join, but the US still regarded Chiang Kai-shek and his supporters as the true government

27
Q

What did the USSR do in protest to the US veto as to whether China could join?

A

They stormed out of the meeting, and refused to attend the security council for the foreseeable future

28
Q

What 5 states in the Security Council are permanent?

A 
Britain
France
USA
USSR
China
29
Q

What are the terms for a decision being made in the security council?

A

9 countries must agree, including all 5 permanent states

30
Q

What did Kim Il-sung believe in 1949?

A

That South Koreans would welcome an invasion by North Korea. He visited Soviet leader Stalin to ask for his support. However, Stalin didn’t think the timing was right due to US troops still being in South Korea and an invasion by the North might pull Soviet soldiers into a fight with the US troops

31
Q

Why did Stalin think the situation had changed in 1950 for Korea?

A

US troops had left Korea
Communists had won the civil war in China
Soviets had developed their own nuclear weapons that were more equal to the US
The Soviets had cracked secret US codes used to communicate with other governments around the world

32
Q

What did the USSR supply North Korea with?

A

Tanks, Artillery and Aircraft

Began to train their soldiers

33
Q

What did Stalin give permission for Kim Il-sung to do in 1950?

A

Invade South Korea - but made it clear that Soviet troops would not be directly involved

34
Q

When did North Korean troops invade South Korea?

A

25th June 1950

35
Q

What did President Truman declare on the 27th June 1950?

A

That the US would go to the aid of South Korea

That the UN Security Council must meet quickly to decide how to respond

36
Q

What was the response of the UN to the invasion of South Korea?

A

The Security Council met quickly

The US suggested that the UN should assemble an army and help Korea

37
Q

What did the remaining members (USSR refusing to attend meetings) of the Security Council order?

A

Ordered North Korea to leave South Korea

38
Q

Why did the UN agree to put an invasion force together and take military action?

A

Because North Korea refused to leave South Korea

39
Q

Who was given the title ‘Commander-in-Chief, UN Command’?

A

General Douglas MacArthur, from the USA

40
Q

How many UN member states sent troops to fight?

A

16, including the USA, Turkey, France, South Africa, Australia, Britain and Ethiopia

41
Q

What was the US response to the invasion of South Korea?

A

President Truman was facing elections in November 1950, and wanted to the US public that he was trying to ‘contain’ communism
He ordered US 7th fleet to patrol the seas around North Korea and South Korea, and sent troops and supplies to help South Korea

42
Q

What was the Soviet response to the invasion of South Korea?

A

The USSR openly criticised the UN, saying that their list of rules stated that the UN was not permitted to get involved in ‘internal events’
They said that the USA wanted to make Korea part of the ‘American colony’ which could be used as a US military base
The USSR confirmed they would not interfere with events in Korea

HISTORY GCSE - Conflict in Asia (19 decks)

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