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Anatomy > The Cardiovascular System: The Heart > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Flashcards

1
Q 
The heart lies in the:
A)	pleural cavity.
B)	peritoneal cavity.
C)	abdominopelvic cavity.
D)	mediastinum.
E)	none of the above
A

D) mediastinum.

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2
Q 
The wall between the atria is the
A)	ventricle.
B)	coronary sinus.
C)	coronary sulcus.
D)	auricle.
E)	interatrial septum.
A

E) interatrial septum.

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3
Q 
The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the
A)	parietal pericardium.
B)	epicardium.
C)	endocardium.
D)	parietal myocardium.
E)	parietal endocardium.
A

A) parietal pericardium.

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4
Q 
The innermost layer of the heart wall is the
A)	mediastinum.
B)	parietal pericardium.
C)	epicardium.
D)	myocardium.
E)	endocardium.
A

E) endocardium.

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5
Q

The functions of the venae cavae include which of the following?
A) returning blood to the atria
B) pumping blood into circulation
C) removing excess fluid from the heart chambers
D) anchoring the heart to surrounding structures
E) preventing expansion of the heart

A

A) returning blood to the atria

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6
Q

The skeleton of the heart consists of
A) a bone within the myocardium.
B) a bone in the interatrial septum.
C) a bone in the interventricular septum.
D) fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular orifices.
E) fibrous connective tissue in the aorta.

A

D) fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular orifices.

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7
Q 
Blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the
A)	right atrium.
B)	right ventricle.
C)	left atrium.
D)	left ventricle.
E)	pulmonary circulation.
A

A) right atrium.

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8
Q 
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
A)	lungs.
B)	left ventricle.
C)	left atrium.
D)	systemic circuit.
E)	none of the above
A

A) lungs.

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9
Q 
Blood is carried away from the heart by
A)	arteries.
B)	veins.
C)	arterioles.
D)	capillaries.
E)	venules.
A

A) arteries.

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10
Q 
The left atrium receives blood from the
A)	pulmonary veins.
B)	pulmonary trunk.
C)	aorta.
D)	inferior vena cava.
E)	arteries and veins.
A

A) pulmonary veins.

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11
Q 
The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is the
A)	mitral valve.
B)	cuspid valve.
C)	tricuspid valve.
D)	pulmonary semilunar valve.
E)	aortic semilunar valve.
A

A) mitral valve.

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12
Q 
Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into the
A)	lymphatic and blood circuits.
B)	dorsal aorta and venae cavae.
C)	systemic and pulmonary circuits.
D)	cardiac and vascular circuits.
E)	none of the above
A

C) systemic and pulmonary circuits.

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13
Q 
The semilunar valve of the left side of the heart prevents backflow from the
A)	aorta.
B)	pulmonary trunk.
C)	pulmonary veins.
D)	right ventricle.
E)	left ventricle.
A

A) aorta.

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14
Q

The tricuspid valve is located
A) in the opening of the aorta.
B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C) where the vena cavae join the right atrium.
D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

A

D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.

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15
Q 
The average pressure in the right ventricle is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  the pressure in the left ventricle.
A)	the same as
B)	considerably lower than
C)	slightly lower than
D)	slightly higher than
E)	much higher than
A

B) considerably lower than

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16
Q 
The function of an atrium is to
A)	collect blood.
B)	pump blood to the lungs.
C)	pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D)	pump blood to the heart muscle.
E)	all of the above
A

A) collect blood.

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17
Q 
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart.
1.	right atrium
2.	left atrium
3.	right ventricle
4.	left ventricle
5.	vena cavae
6.	aorta
7.	pulmonary trunk
8.	pulmonary veins
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
A

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

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18
Q 
The left and right coronary arteries carry blood to the
A)	heart.
B)	head.
C)	brain.
D)	intestines.
E)	liver.
A

A) heart.

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19
Q 
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
A)	heart.
B)	lungs.
C)	brain.
D)	intestines.
E)	liver.
A

B) lungs.

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20
Q 
The heart wall is composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ layers of tissue.
A)	two
B)	three
C)	four
D)	five
E)	six
A

B) three

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21
Q

The three layers of the heart wall are the
A) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
B) visceral, parietal, and fibrous.
C) arteries, veins, and capillaries.
D) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
E) none of the above

A

D) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

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22
Q

The cardiac skeleton of the heart functions to
A) physically isolate the muscle fibers of the atria from those of the ventricles.
B) maintain the normal shape of the heart.
C) help distribute the forces of cardiac contraction.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

A

E) all of the above

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23
Q 
The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the
A)	pulmonary arteries.
B)	bronchial arteries.
C)	circumflex arteries.
D)	carotid arteries.
E)	subclavian arteries.
A

A) pulmonary arteries.

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24
Q 
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the
A)	atria.
B)	ventricles.
C)	venae cavae.
D)	aorta.
E)	pulmonary trunk.
A

A) atria.

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25
Q 
The marginal artery branches off the
A)	right coronary artery.
B)	left coronary artery.
C)	interventricular artery.
D)	coronary sinus.
E)	aorta.
A

A) right coronary artery.

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26
Q 
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the
A)	superior vena cava.
B)	inferior vena cava.
C)	coronary sinus.
D)	coronary sulcus.
E)	aorta.
A

C) coronary sinus.

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27
Q 
The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the
A)	atria.
B)	aorta.
C)	ventricles.
D)	pulmonary trunk.
E)	venae cavae.
A

C) ventricles.

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28
Q 
Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valve.
A)	bicuspid
B)	left AV
C)	mitral
D)	all of the above
E)	none of the above
A

D) all of the above

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29
Q 
Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the
A)	coronary sinus.
B)	pulmonary veins.
C)	venae cavae.
D)	aorta.
E)	pulmonary arteries.
A

C) venae cavae.

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30
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ circuit directly supplies blood to the myocardium.
A)	systemic
B)	cardiac
C)	coronary
D)	pulmonary
E)	none of the above
A

C) coronary

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31
Q 
Folding of the valves in the wrong direction is called
A)	myositis.
B)	carditis.
C)	prolapse.
D)	stenosis.
E)	infarction.
A

C) prolapse.

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32
Q 
In rheumatic heart disorder, the bicuspid valves close incompletely, leading to
A)	mitral valve prolapse.
B)	semilunar valve prolapse.
C)	ventricular stenosis.
D)	atrioventricular valve prolapse.
E)	overriding aorta.
A

A) mitral valve prolapse.

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33
Q 
The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ per minute.
A)	80
B)	140
C)	200
D)	250
E)	300+
A

C) 200

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34
Q

Which of the following is true regarding cardiac muscle?
A) Neither summation nor tetany can occur.
B) Both summation and tetany can occur.
C) Summation, but NOT tetany, can occur.
D) Tetany, but NOT summation, can occur.
E) none of the above

A

A) Neither summation nor tetany can occur.

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35
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the heart is(are) located in the walls of the ventricles.
A)	Purkinje fibers.
B)	SA node.
C)	AV node.
D)	bundle branches.
E)	bundle of His.
A

A) Purkinje fibers.

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36
Q

The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart:
1. Purkinje cells
2. AV bundle
3. AV node
4. SA node
5. bundle branches
The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is

A

4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

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37
Q 
Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
A)	P wave.
B)	T wave.
C)	S wave.
D)	QRS complex.
E)	PR complex.
A

A) P wave.

38
Q

Select the correct order of stimulation in the nodal pathways.
A) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
B) SA node, AV bundle, AV node, Purkinje fibers
C) AV node, SA node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
D) Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, AV bundle
E) none of the above

A

A) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

39
Q

Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in the
A) arrangement of the t-tubules.
B) arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) presence of striations.
D) presence of intercalated discs.
E) all of the above

A

C) presence of striations.

40
Q

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
A) the ventricles will beat faster.
B) the ventricles will beat independently of the atria.
C) the ventricular rate of contraction will not be affected.
D) the stroke volume will increase.
E) tachycardia will occur.

A

B) the ventricles will beat independently of the atria.

41
Q 
The QRS wave on an ECG tracing represents
A)	atrial depolarization.
B)	atrial repolarization.
C)	ventricular depolarization.
D)	ventricular repolarization.
E)	ventricular contraction.
A

C) ventricular depolarization.

42
Q 
The T wave of the ECG corresponds to
A)	atrial depolarization.
B)	atrial diastole.
C)	ventricular systole.
D)	ventricular repolarization.
E)	none of the above
A

D) ventricular repolarization.

43
Q 
The second heart sound is heard when
A)	the AV valves open.
B)	the AV valves close.
C)	the semilunar valves close.
D)	the atria contract.
E)	blood enters the aorta.
A

C) the semilunar valves close.

44
Q 
Relaxation of the ventricles is called
A)	ventricular diastole.
B)	ventricular systole.
C)	depolarization.
D)	hyperpolarization.
E)	none of the
A

A) ventricular diastole.

45
Q

Which of the following is greater?
A) the conduction velocity along a normal myocardial fiber
B) the conduction velocity along a Purkinje fiber
C) the conduction velocity through the heart skeleton
D) the conduction velocity in the heart valves
E) None of the above conducts a signal.

A

B) the conduction velocity along a Purkinje fiber

46
Q

Under conditions of hypocalcemia,
A) cardiac muscle cells become lethargic.
B) cardiac muscle contraction is weak.
C) cardiac muscles become extremely excitable.
D) cardiac muscle cells remain the same.
E) none of the above

A

B) cardiac muscle contraction is weak.

47
Q 
Preload directly determines
A)	end diastolic volume.
B)	end systolic volume.
C)	stroke volume.
D)	cardiac output.
E)	cardiac reserve.
A

A) end diastolic volume.

48
Q 
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute is
A)	end diastolic volume.
B)	end systolic volume.
C)	stroke volume.
D)	cardiac output.
E)	cardiac reserve.
A

D) cardiac output.

49
Q 
Heart valves open and close because of
A)	pressure differences.
B)	heart contractions.
C)	signals from the SA node.
D)	contractions of the papillary muscles.
E)	the moderator band.
A

A) pressure differences.

50
Q

In which situation would the filling time be the greatest?
A) when heart rate is slow
B) when heart rate is fast
C) when the force of contraction is decreased
D) when the difference between the end diastolic volume and the end systolic volume is small
E) when calcium channel blockers are present

A

A) when heart rate is slow

51
Q 
The amount of blood the heart beats in one contraction is the
A)	HR.
B)	SV.
C)	CO.
D)	EDV.
E)	ESV.
A

B) SV.

52
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ accelerates the heart rate when the walls of the right atrium are stretched.
A)	venous return
B)	stroke volume
C)	cardiac output
D)	atrial reflex
E)	cardiac cycle
A

D) atrial reflex

53
Q

According to Starling’s law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the
A) size of the ventricle.
B) heart rate.
C) venous return.
D) thickness of the myocardium.
E) amount of blood in the cardiovascular system.

A

C) venous return.

54
Q 
When a chamber fills with blood and is preparing to begin the next cardiac cycle, that chamber is
A)	in systole.
B)	in diastole.
C)	repolarizing.
D)	depolarizing.
E)	both B and C
A

E) both B and C

55
Q 
During ventricular diastole,
A)	the atria are contracting.
B)	blood is entering the ventricle.
C)	the AV valves are closed.
D)	the pressure in the ventricles increases.
E)	the ventricles are relaxed.
A

E) the ventricles are relaxed.

56
Q

Which of the following is longest in duration of time?
A) the refractory period of cardiac muscle
B) the refractory period of skeletal muscle
C) contraction of skeletal muscle
D) contraction of cardiac muscle
E) the P wave

A

A) the refractory period of cardiac muscle

57
Q 
The amount of blood in each ventricle during isovolumetric relaxation is equal to the
A)	EDV.
B)	ESV.
C)	SV.
D)	HR.
E)	CO.
A

B) ESV.

58
Q 
Which of the following is greatest during left ventricular systole?
A)	the pressure in the ventricle
B)	the pressure in the aorta
C)	the pressure in the left atrium
D)	the pressure in the right ventricle
E)	the pressure in the right atrium
A

A) the pressure in the ventricle

59
Q 
The amount of blood in each ventricle during isovolumetric contraction is equal to the
A)	HR.
B)	ESV.
C)	SV.
D)	CO.
E)	EDV.
A

E) EDV.

60
Q

Cardiac output would be greatest when
A) sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases.
B) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart increases.
C) resting in bed.
D) the vagus nerve is sending many impulses.
E) None of the above increases CO.

A

A) sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases.

61
Q 
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute is the
A)	HR.
B)	SV.
C)	CO.
D)	EDV.
E)	ESV.
A

C) CO.

62
Q 
EDV minus ESV equals
A)	SV.
B)	HR.
C)	CO.
D)	CO max.
E)	BMR.
A

A) SV.

63
Q 
The cardioinhibitory center controls activities of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ neurons.
A)	ganglionic
B)	parasympathetic
C)	postganglionic
D)	preganglionic
E)	sympathetic
A

B) parasympathetic

64
Q

The superior chambers of the heart are called _________________________ and the inferior chambers are the _________________________.

A

atria; ventricles

65
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and passes it to the _________________________.

A

right ventricle

66
Q

The heart is surrounded by the _________________________ cavity.

A

pericardial

67
Q

The internal connective tissue network of the heart is called the _________________________.

A

cardiac skeleton

68
Q

The left border of the heart is formed by the _________________________ and a small portion of the _________________________.

A

left ventricle; left atrium

69
Q

When arteries connect to one another, it is called an arterial _________________________.

A

anastomosis

70
Q

The great vessels of the heart are located at the _________________________ of the heart

A

base

71
Q

Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called _________________________.

A

intercalated discs

72
Q

The _________________________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.

A

systemic

73
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are called _________________________.

A

cardiomyocytes

74
Q

______ are blood vessels that usually return blood to the heart.

A

veins

75
Q

HR x SV = _________________________.

A

CO (cardiac output)

76
Q

The muscle layer of the heart is the _________________________.

A

myocardium

77
Q

In a condition called _________________________, the cusps of the bicuspid valve do not close properly.

A

mitral valve prolapse

78
Q

The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called _________________________.

A

automaticity or autorhythmicity

79
Q

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called _________________________.

A

bradycardia

80
Q

The period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next is called the _________________________.

A

cardiac cycle

81
Q

Abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as _________________________.

A

arrhythmias

82
Q

Carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen levels in blood are monitored by receptors called ______________.

A

chemoreceptors

83
Q

The amount of muscle stretch during diastole is called the _________________________.

A

preload

84
Q

The push of blood pressure in the great arteries back toward the heart is called _________________.

A

afterload

85
Q

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called _________________.

A

systole

86
Q

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________________.

A

diastole

87
Q

In a condition called heart ________________, the heart is unable to maintain an adequate cardiac output.

A

failure

88
Q

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the _________________________.

A

venous return

89
Q

Atherosclerosis of coronary vessels leads to _________________________.

A

coronary artery disease

90
Q

The term for reduced blood flow to the cardiac muscle is ______________________

A

coronary ischemia

91
Q

A procedure in which a small section of a peripheral vein is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called _____________.

A

coronary bypass surgery

Anatomy (3 decks)

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