the cardiovascular system Flashcards
lesson 16
name the three main components of the cardiovascular system
- heart
- blood vessels
- blood
name some of the organs/tissues affiliated with the cardiovascular system
- lymph
- kidneys
- spleen
- tonsils
- lungs
- bone marrow
name the different kinds of blood vessels
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
what are the characteristics of arteries?
thick muscular walls of smooth muscle that are designed to handle high pressures in arterial blood
what are the characteristics of arterioles?
can handle less pressure than an artery but there is lots of innervation to control smooth muscle contraction
what are the characteristics of capillaries?
- no muscle thus there is no control over the diameter or connective tissue
- no ability to withstand high pressures
- movement of gases, fluid, and solutes are maximized due to high permeability
what are the characteristics of venules?
main site of lymphocytes crossing from blood to lymph nodes
what are the characteristics of veins?
thin-walled, fairly muscular for easy expansion and recoiling
what is cardiac output?
the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
- product of heart rate x stroke volume
what makes cardiac muscle different from skeletal muscle?
- made of the myocardium
- involuntary and autonomic neural input
- gap junctions are very fast and contract as a unit (no fiber recruitment)
- very high oxidative capacity
- 35% mitochondrial volume compared to skeletal muscle that only has 5%
- fatigue resistance
name the atrioventricular valves and some characteristics of them
- mitral valves
- tricuspid valves
- located b/w each atrium and ventricle
- closing of valves makes a “LUB” sound
name the semilunar valves and some characteristics of them
- aortic valve
- pulmonary valve
- located b/w each ventricle and its artery
- closing of valves makes a “DUB” sound
