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Physiology And Disease > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System (CVS)

A

System coordinating oxygen and nutrient delivery.

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2
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

Volume of blood pumped per heartbeat.

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3
Q

Cardiac Output (CO)

A

Total blood volume pumped per minute.

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4
Q

Deoxygenated Blood

A

Blood low in oxygen, sent to lungs.

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5
Q

Oxygenated Blood

A

Blood rich in oxygen, delivered to body.

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6
Q

SA Node

A

Heart’s primary pacemaker initiating electrical signals.

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7
Q

AV Node

A

Delays electrical signal before ventricles contract.

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8
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Conduct electrical signals to ventricular myocardium.

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9
Q

Intercalated Disks

A

Connect cardiac muscle cells for synchronized contraction.

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10
Q

Electrical Activity

A

Sequence of depolarization and repolarization in heart.

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11
Q

P Wave

A

Represents atrial depolarization in ECG.

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12
Q

QRS Complex

A

Indicates ventricular depolarization in ECG.

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13
Q

T Wave

A

Represents ventricular repolarization in ECG.

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14
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

One complete heartbeat from P to P wave.

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15
Q

Heart Rate (HR)

A

Number of heartbeats per minute.

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16
Q

QT Interval

A

Time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization.

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17
Q

P-R Segment

A

Time taken for signal through AV node.

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18
Q

S-T Segment

A

Period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

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19
Q

Cardiac Auscultation

A

Listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope.

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20
Q

Acinonyx jubatus

A

Cheetah, known for high heart rate.

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21
Q

Etruscan Shrew

A

Smallest mammal, 1,500 BPM heart rate.

22
Q

Blood Flow Sequence

A

Path blood takes through heart and vessels.

23
Q

Ventricular Conducting System

A

Pathway for electrical signals through ventricles.

24
Q

Atrial Contraction

A

Occurs after P wave in cardiac cycle.

25
Q

Ventricular Contraction

A

Occurs after QRS complex in cardiac cycle.

26
Q

Oxygen Provision

A

Delivery of oxygen to body cells.

27
Q

Nutrient Transport

A

Movement of nutrients to and from cells.

28
Q

Cheetah

A

Fastest land animal; heart rate peaks at 250 BPM.

29
Q

Resting Heartbeat

A

Cheetah’s resting heartbeat is 120 BPM.

30
Q

Maximum Heart Rate

A

Human max heart rate typically 220 BPM.

31
Q

*** Diagram

A

Graphical representation of cardiac cycle events.

32
Q

Systole

A

Phase of heart contraction.

33
Q

Diastole

A

Phase of heart relaxation.

34
Q

Atrial Systole

A

Contraction of atria pushing blood into ventricles.

35
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

Contraction of ventricles ejecting blood into arteries.

36
Q

Isovolumic Ventricular Contraction

A

Ventricles contract without changing volume.

37
Q

Ventricular Ejection

A

Blood is expelled from ventricles into arteries.

38
Q

Heart Sounds

A

Sounds produced by heart valve closures.

39
Q

First Heart Sound (S1)

A

Sound from closure of AV valves; ‘Lub’.

40
Q

Second Heart Sound (S2)

A

Sound from closure of semilunar valves; ‘Dup’.

41
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to heart sounds using a stethoscope.

42
Q

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

A

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole.

43
Q

End Systolic Volume (ESV)

A

Volume of blood remaining in ventricles after contraction.

44
Q

Cardiac Output Formula

A

CO = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV).

45
Q

Normal Cardiac Output

A

At rest: ~5,000 mL/min or 5.25 L/min.

46
Q

Blood Flow Distribution

A

Varies by organ based on metabolic needs.

47
Q

Muscle Blood Flow During Exercise

A

Can receive up to 85% of cardiac output.

48
Q

Arterial Diameter

A

Changes to regulate blood pressure and flow.

49
Q

Veins

A

Return deoxygenated blood to lungs; low pressure.

50
Q

Metabolic Needs

A

Determine blood flow to individual organs.

51
Q

Smooth Muscle in Arteries

A

Controls diameter to adjust blood flow.

52
Q

Circulatory System

A

Delivers oxygenated blood via arteries.

Physiology And Disease (10 decks)

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