The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System (CVS)

A

System coordinating oxygen and nutrient delivery.

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2
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

Volume of blood pumped per heartbeat.

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3
Q

Cardiac Output (CO)

A

Total blood volume pumped per minute.

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4
Q

Deoxygenated Blood

A

Blood low in oxygen, sent to lungs.

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5
Q

Oxygenated Blood

A

Blood rich in oxygen, delivered to body.

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6
Q

SA Node

A

Heart’s primary pacemaker initiating electrical signals.

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7
Q

AV Node

A

Delays electrical signal before ventricles contract.

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8
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Conduct electrical signals to ventricular myocardium.

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9
Q

Intercalated Disks

A

Connect cardiac muscle cells for synchronized contraction.

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10
Q

Electrical Activity

A

Sequence of depolarization and repolarization in heart.

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11
Q

P Wave

A

Represents atrial depolarization in ECG.

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12
Q

QRS Complex

A

Indicates ventricular depolarization in ECG.

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13
Q

T Wave

A

Represents ventricular repolarization in ECG.

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14
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

One complete heartbeat from P to P wave.

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15
Q

Heart Rate (HR)

A

Number of heartbeats per minute.

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16
Q

QT Interval

A

Time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization.

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17
Q

P-R Segment

A

Time taken for signal through AV node.

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18
Q

S-T Segment

A

Period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

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19
Q

Cardiac Auscultation

A

Listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope.

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20
Q

Acinonyx jubatus

A

Cheetah, known for high heart rate.

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21
Q

Etruscan Shrew

A

Smallest mammal, 1,500 BPM heart rate.

22
Q

Blood Flow Sequence

A

Path blood takes through heart and vessels.

23
Q

Ventricular Conducting System

A

Pathway for electrical signals through ventricles.

24
Q

Atrial Contraction

A

Occurs after P wave in cardiac cycle.

25
Ventricular Contraction
Occurs after QRS complex in cardiac cycle.
26
Oxygen Provision
Delivery of oxygen to body cells.
27
Nutrient Transport
Movement of nutrients to and from cells.
28
Cheetah
Fastest land animal; heart rate peaks at 250 BPM.
29
Resting Heartbeat
Cheetah's resting heartbeat is 120 BPM.
30
Maximum Heart Rate
Human max heart rate typically 220 BPM.
31
******* Diagram
Graphical representation of cardiac cycle events.
32
Systole
Phase of heart contraction.
33
Diastole
Phase of heart relaxation.
34
Atrial Systole
Contraction of atria pushing blood into ventricles.
35
Ventricular Systole
Contraction of ventricles ejecting blood into arteries.
36
Isovolumic Ventricular Contraction
Ventricles contract without changing volume.
37
Ventricular Ejection
Blood is expelled from ventricles into arteries.
38
Heart Sounds
Sounds produced by heart valve closures.
39
First Heart Sound (S1)
Sound from closure of AV valves; 'Lub'.
40
Second Heart Sound (S2)
Sound from closure of semilunar valves; 'Dup'.
41
Auscultation
Listening to heart sounds using a stethoscope.
42
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole.
43
End Systolic Volume (ESV)
Volume of blood remaining in ventricles after contraction.
44
Cardiac Output Formula
CO = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV).
45
Normal Cardiac Output
At rest: ~5,000 mL/min or 5.25 L/min.
46
Blood Flow Distribution
Varies by organ based on metabolic needs.
47
Muscle Blood Flow During Exercise
Can receive up to 85% of cardiac output.
48
Arterial Diameter
Changes to regulate blood pressure and flow.
49
Veins
Return deoxygenated blood to lungs; low pressure.
50
Metabolic Needs
Determine blood flow to individual organs.
51
Smooth Muscle in Arteries
Controls diameter to adjust blood flow.
52
Circulatory System
Delivers oxygenated blood via arteries.