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AQA Alevel PE > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect?

A

Rises in carbon dioxide levels (or increases in acidity or dropping PH levels)

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2
Q

What’s it called when your heart rate increases before you start exercises?

A

Anticipatory rise

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3
Q

How many chambers are in a heart?

A

4

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4
Q

How do you work out the maximum heart rate?

A

220-age

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5
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

When your blood vessels relax and the lumen size increases

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6
Q

Why is your blood shown as blue when it travels through the right side of your heart on a diagram?

A

It represents deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

How is a red blood cell shaped and why?

A

A disk because it increases the surface area so it allows for the maximum amount of oxygen to bind to it (in the haemoglobin in the RBC).

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8
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

When the blood vessel contracts and the diameter or lumen decreases in size.

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9
Q

What are the 3 main types of blood vessel?

A

Veins, arteries and capillaries

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10
Q

What do proprioceptor detect?

A

Movement in the tendons

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11
Q

What do baroreceptors detect?

A

Blood pressure

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12
Q

Which chambers of the heart are the largest?

A

Ventricles

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13
Q

What are the names of the different valves in the heart?

A

Bicuspid, Tricuspid, Aortic and Pulmonary

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14
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Causes a relaxation - stimulates the heart to beat slower

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15
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Causes a fight flight response - stimulates the heart to beat faster.

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16
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood ejected by the heart per minute

17
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 beat.

18
Q

Definition of heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute.

19
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Left and right Atrium and Ventricles

20
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac Output (Q)?

A

HR x SV

21
Q

What is Anticipatory rise?

A

An increase in HR prior to exercise caused by adrenaline

22
Q

What carries Oxygen in Red Blood Cells

A

Haemoglobin

23
Q

What substance in the muscles has a higher affinity to Oxygen than Haemoglobin that allows Oxygen to diffuse into the muscles?

A

Myoglobin

24
Q

What are the 3 factors that cause the Bohr Shift?

A

Increase in CO2 levels, increased in acidity and reduced PH and increase in body temperature.

25
Q

What is the theory that explains that during steady state exercise HR continues to gradually increase whilst SV decreases so that Q remains constant?

A

Cardiovascular Drift

26
Q

Why during steady state exercise does SV start to decrease?

A

Due to lose of water from the blood plasma because of sweating. This causes the blood to become more viscous (think/sticky).

27
Q

What is the order for the 4 components of the Heart conduction system?

A

SAN
AVN
Bundle of HIS
Purkinji Fibres

28
Q

What does SAN stand for?

A

Sinoatrial Node

29
Q

Which is the main blood vessel leaving the left ventricle delivering oxygen rich blood around the body?

A

Aorta (Artery)

30
Q

Which blood vessel bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body?

A

Vena Cava (superior and Inferior - a Vein)

31
Q

What is an average blood pressure?

A

120 over 80

32
Q

What are the 2 pressures called when measuring blood pressure?

A

Systolic (contracting) and diastolic (filling/relaxing)

33
Q

What 3 mechanisms support venous return?

A

Pocket valves
The skeletal muscle pump
The Respiratory pump

34
Q

What is the purpose (outcome) of the Bohr shift

A

Increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the working muscles. Increase oxyhaemoglobin dissociation.

35
Q

What is A-Vo2 Diff?

A

The difference between the Oxygen content of haemoglobin in the arteries entering the muscles and the veins leaving the muscles.

36
Q

What happens to the A-Vo2 Diff during exercise?

A

Increases

37
Q

Name 4 health conditions that are improved (reduced risk of) because of regular exercise

A

Heart Disease (CHD)
Stoke
High Cholesterol
High Blood Pressure

AQA Alevel PE (3 decks)

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