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My history > The British Political System c1783 > Flashcards

The British Political System c1783 Flashcards

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1
Q

Political power was shared between whom?

A

King, Lords & Commons

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2
Q

What do you understand by the phrase the King was in the middle of the political picture not above it?

A

He chose his own ministers, but from only inside parliament
The ministers were agents of the King, but had to pay attention to Parliament

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3
Q

What was patronage

A

The right to give privileges or make appointments

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4
Q

How did Patronage give the King political influence

A

He could fill Parliament with men who supported his policies.

His minister could in-turn appoint in return for loyalty.

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5
Q

Who was King between 1760-1820

A

King George III

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6
Q

What was a constitutional monarchy?

A

Where the monarch was bound by oath according to the statutes (Written Law)

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7
Q

What was Divine Right

A

Concept that the monarch rules by the authority of God. Not through the consent of the people.

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8
Q

When was the Bill of Rights

A

1689

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9
Q

What was the Bill of Rights

A

The crown had to seek the consent of the people as represented in parliament

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10
Q

What is the Civil List

A

The annual sum agreed upon by parliament to be given to the royal family in order to support them

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11
Q

What was the rejected India Bill

A

1783 - FOX proposed to change the whole constitution of the East India Company by transferring control of the companies territories, revenues and commerce to 7 commissioners nominated by government.

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12
Q

When was the Irish Parliament granted legislative independence

A

1782

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13
Q

What Annual Income did a county member need in 1783

A

£600

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14
Q

What income did a borough member require in 1783

A

£300

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15
Q

How many people could vote in England and Wales in 1783

A

250,000

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16
Q

What was Pitt’s Sinking Fund

A

In 1786 Pitt set up a fund from taxation to pay off the national debt.

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17
Q

The consolidation Act

A

1787 - Introduce by William Pitt the Younger which lowered, simplified or removed the archaic and complicated customs duties on both imports and exports. The changes improved the efficiency and ease of tax collection.

18
Q

Hovering Act

A

1787 - Tackled smuggling

19
Q

What was the traditional class structure, and why was it becoming less relevant?

A

A small, wealthy landowning elite of the monarchy and aristocracy in power. However, as trade and industry developed and the population grew, new social divisions we created

20
Q

Who were the middle class before industrialisation

A

Merchants, tradesmen and professional

21
Q

How did industrialisation affect the middle class? Where did this new class emerge?

A

Brought new opportunities for entrepreneurs to grow new businesses such as factories and mills. Mainly developed in urban areas.

22
Q

What did the Middle classes not have to influence change?

A

The vote

23
Q

Who were the working class?

A

Skilled craftsmen and unskilled labourers on an hourly wage

24
Q

When did Pitt create income Tax

A

1789

25
Q

What was the Friendly Society Act

A

1793 attempted to licence (through registration and regulation) friendly societies (a good thing) at the same time as outlawing trades unions (a bad thing). It was an unworkable piece of legislation.

26
Q

What Was the Aliens Act

A

1793 In response to the events in France this regulated immigration

27
Q

What was the Catholic Relief Act

A

1793 Although it did not grant freedom of worship, it allowed Catholics to join the army and purchase land if they took an oath of allegiance and to take degrees but not to have full standing.

28
Q

Why was Habeas Corpus suspended

A

1794 To stifle dissent and keep the trouble makers in prison for longer without being brought to a magistrate

29
Q

What was the treasonable Practice Act

A

1795 - Made it illegal to speak against the King

30
Q

What was the Seditious Meetings Act

A

1795 outlawed certain large gatherings of over 50 people to quell insurrection

31
Q

When was the Act of Union

A

1800

32
Q

What was the population in 1801

A

9.4 Million

33
Q

What were the Combination Acts

A

1799/1800 William Pitt, decided to take action against political agitation among industrial workers. This Act was passed by government, making it illegal for workers to join together as a union, in order to put pressure on their employers for shorter hours or better pay. It was eventually repealed in 1824. This was followed by an outbreak of strikes and as a result the Combinations of Workmen Act (1825) was passed which again imposed limitations on the right to strike.

34
Q

When was income tax temporarily abolished

A

1802

35
Q

When was the abolition of the Slave Trade

A

1807

36
Q

What was the Regency Act

A

1811 due to George III’s ill health the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent.

37
Q

What were the Berlin and Milan Decrees

A

Continental System, in the Napoleonic wars, the blockade designed by Napoleon to paralyze Great Britain through the destruction of British commerce. The decrees of Berlin (November 21, 1806) and Milan (December 17, 1807) proclaimed a blockade: neutrals and French allies were not to trade with the British.

38
Q

What was the Levee en Masse Act

A

a French policy for military conscription. It was first decreed during the French Revolutionary wars (1792–99) in 1793, when all able-bodied unmarried men between the ages of 18 and 25 were required to enlist.

39
Q

What were the Corn Laws

A

1815 Restriction on imports of Corn after the wars with France

40
Q

What were the Six Acts

A

1819 In response to the Peterloo Demonstration and Massacre banning large unofficial public meetings. Illegal to criticise
the state in print

41
Q

What was King George III forced by Parliament to do in 1782

A

Replace his favoured Prime Minister Lord North with Lord Rockingham, whom he disliked

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