The breast Flashcards
Breast definition
Modified sweat gland located in the superficial fascia of the anterior chest wall.
The tail of spense (Axillary tail) definition
The part of the breast that extends deep to the lateral margin of the chest into the axilla.
What are the three layers of the breast
- Subcutaneous layer
- Mammory layer
- Retromammory layer
Subcutaneous layer definition
Layer that lies between the skin and the anterior mammory fascia
Mammory layer definition
The middle layer that lies between the anterior mammory fascia and posterior fascia.
Retromammory layer definition
The deepest layer, contains fat, blood vessels and lymphatics
Where are the three layers located
Between the skin and the pectoralis muscle on the anterior of the chest wall.
What are the subcutaneous layer made up of
Fatty tissue
Cooper ligaments definition
The fibrous connections between the inner side of the breast skin and the pectoral muscle
The mammory layer is known as
The functional layer
Lactiferous duct definition
Duct that carries milk from the mammory gland to the nipple.
Terminal ductal lobar unit (TDLU)
The functional unit of the breast and consist of a lobule and its extralobular terminal duct.
Acini definition
Sac like structures that produce milk during lactation
What produces milk during lactation
Acini
Retromammory layer is made up of what
- Fatty tissue
- Cooperligaments
- Pectoralis minor muscle
- Pectoralis major muscle
- Ribs
- Chest wall
What is the main function of the breast
Fluid transportation
What is the main arterial supply of the breast
Internal mammory and lateral thoracic artery
Through what is the venous drainage of the breast
Superficial veins
The lymphatic drainage of the breast
Through the axillary lymph nodes
Three groups of lymphatic drainage
- Group 1 (level 1)
- Group 2 (level 2)
- Group 3 (level 3)
Lymphatic drainage group 1
Inferior to the pectoralis muscle
Lymphatic drainage group 2
Posterior to the pectoralis muscle
Lymphatic drainage group 3
Proximal to superiomedial border of pectoralis minor muscle
What are the three general categories for diagnosis of breast cancer
- Breast cancer evaluation
- Diagnostic interrogation
- Interventional breast procedures
What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer
New or growing lump
Usually painless
Fluctuates with hormonal cycle
Not relating to hormonal cycle
Unilateral single duct nipple discharge
Surface nipple lesion
New nipple retraction
New focal skin dimpling or retraction
Unilateral New or growing axillary lump
Hot red breast
What to look for when a lump is identified in breast
Hard
Gritty
Irregular surface
What to look for when there is nipple discharge
Spontaneous or resistant
Serous or bloody
What are the interventional methods to further evaluate a breath lesion
Cyst aspiration
FNA for cytology
Core needle biopsy for histology
Injection of radioactive tracers for sentinel node identification and mapping
Preoperative needle wire localization of masses for surgery
What is the difference between screening and diagnostic mammography
Screening mammography:
1. Used to detect changes in women experiencing no signs or symptoms or observable breast anomalies
2. The goal is to detect breast cancer before any sign or symptoms appear
3. At least two views from different angles of each breast to cover all the breast tissue
Diagnostic mammography:
1. Used to investigate suspicious breast changes or women experiencing signs and symptoms such as breast pain, breast lump, unusual skin appearance, nipple thickening and nipple discharge
2. Used to evaluate abnormal findings found on screening mammography
3. Additional images can be taken from different angles or focus on areas of concern with greater magnification
Craniocuadal view on mammography
Breast is visualized from the head to the feet so from the top downward and visualizing the medial aspect or the breast.
How is the craniocuadal view done
The caset is placed under the intramammory fold. The breast is then puked until the fold is tought.
Compression is applied and the x ray beam is directed virtually above.
What does the mediolateral oblique view demonstrate on mammography
The breast from the chest to the outside is demonstated
This overs the best visualization of the maximum amount of breast tissue
How isnthe mediolateral oblique view imaged
The image plate is placed parallel to the pectoralis muscle
Magnification
Helps in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions by giving a precise view of the margin and architectural characteristics of the focal density of the mass
What are the two types of breast cancer
- Sarcoma
- Carsinoma
Sarcoma of the breast
Breast tumor that arises from supportive connective tissue and grows rapidly and invade fibrous tissue
