The Brainstem and Diencephalon Flashcards
what are the three parts of the brainstem, from superior to inferior?
midbrain
pons
medulla
what specific part of the brainstem is highlighted?
medulla oblongata: pyramids
what specific part of the brainstem is highlighted and what is its function?
- medulla oblongata: olive
- it functions to relay fibres from the brain and spinal cord to the cerebellum
the roots of which nerve are highlighted?
hypoglossal CN XII
the roots of which nerve is highlighted?
accessory nerve CN XI
the roots of which nerve is highlighted?
vagus CN X
the roots of which nerve is highlighted?
glossopharyngeal CN IX
which nerve is highlighted?
vestibulocochlear CN VIII
the roots of which nerve is highlighted?
facial nerve CN VII
the roots of which nerve is highlighted?
trigeminal CN V
the roots of which nerve is highlighted?
abducens CN VI
which nerve is highlighted?
trochlear CN IV
the roots of which nerve are highlighted?
oculomotor nerve CN III
what is the highlighted structure called?
optic chiasma
what is the highlighted structure called?
optic tract
what is the highlighted structure called?
pituitary gland
what is the highlighted structure called?
pituitary stalk
what is the highlighted structure called?
hypothalamus
what specific part of the hypothalamus is this?
lamina terminalis
what specific part of the hypothalamus is this?
mammillary body
what is the highlighted structure called?
midbrain: cerebral crus
what is the highlighted structure?
fourth ventricle
what is the highlighted structure?
middle cerebellar peduncle
what is the highlighted structure?
superior cerebellar peduncle
what is the highlighted structure?
inferior cerebellar peduncle
what is the highlighted structure?
superior medullary velum
what is the highlighted structure?
tectum: inferior colliculi
what is the highlighted structure?
superior colliculi
what is the highlighted structure? and what is its function?
epithalamus: pineal gland
- releases melatonin in response to darkness, which regulates the body clock.
identify which cranial fossa the brainstem lies in
posterior cranial fossa
embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?
mesencephalon and metencephalon
what are the cavities of the ventricular system that lie within the brainstem?
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
CN V emerges from which specific part of brainstem?
lateral aspect of mid pons
CN VI emerges from
the pontomedullary junction close to the midline
CN VII emerges from
the lateral aspect of the pontomedullary junction
CN VII emerges from
the lateral aspect of pontomedullary junction, lateral to facial nerve
which of the cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?
CN VI
what is the function of the olives of the brainstem?
contain olivary nucleus that recieves input from motor and sensory cortices
what is the function of the pyramids of the medulla?
carry motor fibres from corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
what seperates the spinal cord from the medulla?
the decussation of the pyramids
which structure does the ‘open’ part of the medulla open into?
fourth ventricle
through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord?
foramen magnum
label the medulla
what is the green highlighted area of the brainstem called?
pons
what is the middle cerebellar peduncle composed of?
motor fibres
label
label
what part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain?
thalamus
what part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain?
pons, cerebellum
what kind of fibres make uo the cerebral peduncles are where are they destined for?
motor fibres, connect brainstem to thalamus
what structures compose the diencephalon?
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus (pineal gland)
what is the arrow pointing to?
epithalamus (pineal gland)
which two parts of the brain does the diencephalon lie between?
cerebrum and brainstem
what are the surface projections visible on the surface of the thalamus called?
infundibulum
