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Neuroanatomy > The Brainstem and Diencephalon > Flashcards

The Brainstem and Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three parts of the brainstem, from superior to inferior?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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2
Q

what specific part of the brainstem is highlighted?

A

medulla oblongata: pyramids

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3
Q

what specific part of the brainstem is highlighted and what is its function?

A
  • medulla oblongata: olive
  • it functions to relay fibres from the brain and spinal cord to the cerebellum
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4
Q

the roots of which nerve are highlighted?

A

hypoglossal CN XII

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5
Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

accessory nerve CN XI

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6
Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

vagus CN X

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7
Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX

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8
Q

which nerve is highlighted?

A

vestibulocochlear CN VIII

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9
Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

facial nerve CN VII

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10
Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

trigeminal CN V

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11
Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

abducens CN VI

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12
Q

which nerve is highlighted?

A

trochlear CN IV

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13
Q

the roots of which nerve are highlighted?

A

oculomotor nerve CN III

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14
Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

optic chiasma

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15
Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

optic tract

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16
Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

pituitary gland

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17
Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

pituitary stalk

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18
Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

hypothalamus

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19
Q

what specific part of the hypothalamus is this?

A

lamina terminalis

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20
Q

what specific part of the hypothalamus is this?

A

mammillary body

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21
Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

midbrain: cerebral crus

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22
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

fourth ventricle

23
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

24
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

25
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

26
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

superior medullary velum

27
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

tectum: inferior colliculi

28
Q

what is the highlighted structure?

A

superior colliculi

29
Q

what is the highlighted structure? and what is its function?

A

epithalamus: pineal gland
- releases melatonin in response to darkness, which regulates the body clock.

30
Q

identify which cranial fossa the brainstem lies in

A

posterior cranial fossa

31
Q

embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

A

mesencephalon and metencephalon

32
Q

what are the cavities of the ventricular system that lie within the brainstem?

A

cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle

33
Q

CN V emerges from which specific part of brainstem?

A

lateral aspect of mid pons

34
Q

CN VI emerges from

A

the pontomedullary junction close to the midline

35
Q

CN VII emerges from

A

the lateral aspect of the pontomedullary junction

36
Q

CN VII emerges from

A

the lateral aspect of pontomedullary junction, lateral to facial nerve

37
Q

which of the cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?

A

CN VI

38
Q

what is the function of the olives of the brainstem?

A

contain olivary nucleus that recieves input from motor and sensory cortices

39
Q

what is the function of the pyramids of the medulla?

A

carry motor fibres from corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

40
Q

what seperates the spinal cord from the medulla?

A

the decussation of the pyramids

41
Q

which structure does the ‘open’ part of the medulla open into?

A

fourth ventricle

42
Q

through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord?

A

foramen magnum

43
Q

label the medulla

A
44
Q

what is the green highlighted area of the brainstem called?

A

pons

45
Q

what is the middle cerebellar peduncle composed of?

A

motor fibres

46
Q

label

A
47
Q

label

A
48
Q

what part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

thalamus

49
Q

what part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain?

A

pons, cerebellum

50
Q

what kind of fibres make uo the cerebral peduncles are where are they destined for?

A

motor fibres, connect brainstem to thalamus

51
Q

what structures compose the diencephalon?

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus (pineal gland)

52
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

epithalamus (pineal gland)

53
Q

which two parts of the brain does the diencephalon lie between?

A

cerebrum and brainstem

54
Q

what are the surface projections visible on the surface of the thalamus called?

A

infundibulum

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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