The Brain and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Nerve cells are the nervous system’s basic units.
3 parts:
Cell Body - Info gets carried away from
Dendrites - Receives info
Axon - Carries the info

Question 2

Myelination

Answer 2

the axon portion of a neuron becomes covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells (myelin sheath), increasing the speed and efficiency of nerve impulses.

Question 3

fMRI usage in adolescents

Answer 3

Used to discover that adolescent brains go through a lot of changes. creates a magnetic field around a persons body and bombards the brain with radio waves. Results: image of brain tissue and biochemical activities

Question 4

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 4

the highest level of the frontal lobes that is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. Lasts from 18-25

Question 5

Corpus Callosum

Answer 5

Connects the brain’s two hemispheres. Thicken in adolescence to process info more effectively.

Question 6

Amygdala

Answer 6

Limbic system structure involved in emotion

Question 7

Limbic System

Answer 7

A lower subcortical system in the brain that is the seat of emotions and the experience of rewards. Almost completely developed in early adolescence.

Question 8

Schema

Answer 8

are mental templates by which we organize our world

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Incorporating new info with existing knowledge

Question 10

Accomodation

Answer 10

Adjusting schema in response to new info

Question 11

Equilibration

Answer 11

Shift in thought from 1 state to another
(confused about what to think)

Question 12

Piaget Theory Critics

Answer 12

Culture and education play a stronger role.
Not as stage as how he thought.
Some cognitive functions may occur at different times of development.

Question 13

Hypothetical deductive reasoning

Answer 13

the ability to form hypotheses, or best guesses, abt how to solve a problem, such as algebraic equations

Question 14

Owed to Piaget

Answer 14

The present field of cognitive development. The current vision of children as active constructive thinkers.

Question 15

Vygotsky’s Theory

Answer 15

Zone of proximal development. Some things can be hard to master alone but with help and guidance from adults or skilled peers, they can also be mastered.

Question 16

Critical Thinking

Answer 16

Evaluating Evidence and reflecting on it in a productive way.

Question 17

Mindfullness

Answer 17

Being alert and mentally present

Question 18

Metacognition

Answer 18

Thinking about thinking. Cognition about cognition

Question 19

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Answer 19

Intelligence in 3 forms;
analytical thinking - ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast
creative intelligence- ability to create, design, invent and imagine
practical thinking - ability to use, implement, and put ideas to practice

Question 20

Analytical Intelligence

Answer 20

Analyze Judge Evaluate

Question 21

Creative Intelligence

Answer 21

Create Design Imagine

Question 22

Practical Intelligence

Answer 22

Use Apply and Put ideas into practice

Question 23

Gardener’s Eight Frames of Mind

Answer 23

Argues that all human beings are born with multiple intelligences.

Question 24

Verbal

Answer 24

Thinking in words and use of language

Question 25

Mathematical

Answer 25

Ability to do mathematical operations

Question 26

Spatial

Answer 26

Thinking 3 dimensionally

Question 27

Bodily kinesthetic

Answer 27

Manipulate objects and physically adept (dancers)

Question 28

Musical

Answer 28

Sensitive to pitch rhythm and tone

Question 29

Interpersonal

Answer 29

Understand and interact with others

Question 30

Intrapersonal

Answer 30

Understand oneself

Question 31

Naturalist

Answer 31

Observe patterns in nature

Question 32

Adolescent Egocentrism

Answer 32

Heightened self-consciousness of adolescents. Main characters. They believe others are as interested in them as they are interested in themselves.