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Anatomy- The Brain > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Three sections of the brain

A

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem

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2
Q

Where is gray matter located?

A

outer layer of the cerebrum

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3
Q

What is gray matter mostly composed of?

A

neuron cell bodies

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4
Q

What is fiber tracts inside the gray matter?

A

white matter

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5
Q

What are examples of white matter?

A

corpus callosum connects hemispheres

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6
Q

What are internal islands of gray matter?

A

basal nuclei

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7
Q

Where is basal nuclei located?

A

deep inside the brain

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8
Q

What does basal nuclei do?

A

sends impulses for motion

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9
Q

What disease damages basal nuclei? Why is it damaged?

A

Parkinson disease, not sending out enough dopamine

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10
Q

What is gyri?

A

What the ridges are called on the cerebral hemisphere surface

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11
Q

What is sulci?

A

What the grooves are called on the cerebral hemisphere surface

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12
Q

What are the parts of the brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What are pons?

A

the bulging center part of the brain stem

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14
Q

What are pons mostly composed of?

A

fiber tracts

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15
Q

Pons use ____ to help the control of _____.

A

nuclei; breathing

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16
Q

Where is the Medulla Oblongata located?

A

lowest part of the brain stem

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17
Q

What nerve is related to the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Vagus nerve

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18
Q

What does the Medulla Oblongata merge into?

A

spinal cord

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19
Q

What does the Medulla Oblongata contain that are important?

A

control centers

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20
Q

What important control centers does the Medulla Oblongata contain?

A

Heart rate control, Blood pressure regulation, Breathing, Swallowing, Vomiting

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21
Q

What is midbrain mostly composed of?

A

tracts of nerve fibers

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22
Q

What are the two bulging fiber tracts in the midbrain called?

A

cerebral peduncles

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23
Q

What are the four rounded protrusions in the midbrain called?

A

corpora quadrigemina

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24
Q

What do the corpora quadrigemina do?

A

Reflex centers for vision and hearing

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25
Q

Where is Substantia Nigra found?

A

Midbrain

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26
Q

What does Reticular Formation do?

A

Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem

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27
Q

What does Reticular Formation control?

A

Involved in motor control of visceral organs

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28
Q

What is pia mater?

A

Internal layer of meninges, Clings to the surface of the brain

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29
Q

What is dura mater?

A

Double-layered external covering of the meninges

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30
Q

What are the 2 layers of dura mater?

A

Periosteum and Meningeal

31
Q

What is the Arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer of the meninges, Web-like

32
Q

What are the four parts of the meninges?

A

dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater and blood brain barrier

33
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located?

A

cerebrum

34
Q

What is the Broca’s area involved with?

A

our ability to speak, sends movements to mouth, tongue and throat so that we can move it

35
Q

What are the left and right hemispheres?

A

Cerebral Hemispheres, Include more than half of the brain mass

36
Q

Where is the frontal eye field located?

A

limbic system/ Substantia Nigra

37
Q

Where is the primary motor area located?

A

specialized areas of the cerebrum

38
Q

what does the primary motor area do?

A

sends impulses to skeletal muscles, frontal lobe, conscious thoughts

39
Q

What does the olfactory do in the cerebral area?

A

it allows the sense of smell and is located in the temporal lobe

40
Q

What does the auditory do in the cerebral area?

A

it allows hearing and is located in the temporal lobe

41
Q

what does the somatic sensory area do?

A

receives impulses from the body’s touch sensory receptors- tactile

42
Q

What does the visual do in the cerebral area?

A

it allows the sense of sight

43
Q

What is the Interpretation areas of the cerebrum involved in?

A

Speech/language, Language comprehension, and General interpretation regions

44
Q

Where is the Interpretation areas of the cerebrum located?

A

frontal lobe

45
Q

What does the the Interpretation areas of the cerebrum do?

A

takes incoming information and puts it into context/ puts it together

46
Q

Where is the gustatory located and what does it do?

A

Located in the lower part of the parietal, it allows taste

47
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

48
Q

what does the cerebellum consist of?

A

Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces

49
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

coordinated muscular activities and allows you to sense where your body is

50
Q

What is the lateral sulcus?

A

a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

51
Q

Where is the lateral sulcus located?

A

lateral surface of the brain

52
Q

Where is the central sulcus located?

A

the middle of the lateral surface of the brain

53
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes

54
Q

What is the Longitudinal fissure

A

it is the deep grooves that separate the cerebral hemispheres

55
Q

What is the functions of the Frontal association area?

A

responsible for functions such as perception, decision-making as well as controlling thoughts.

56
Q

What does the Premotor area do?

A

it plans and organizes movements

57
Q

What does the Wernicke’s area do?

A

it is involved in comprehension and speech.

58
Q

What is the function of the Diencephalon?

A

it is a relay and processing center for automatic control and sensory information.

59
Q

What are the three parts of the Diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

60
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation, nerves loops through this first before the cerebrum

61
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Important autonomic nervous system center (controls pituitary gland), Helps regulate body temperature, Controls water balance, Regulates metabolism, thirst and hunger (basic survival needs)

62
Q

What does the epithalamus do?

A

Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland)
Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebro-spinal fluid
secretes melatonin

63
Q

Where is the pituitary gland attached to?

A

the hypothalamus

64
Q

Where is the pineal body housed?

A

epithalamus

65
Q

What is the mammillary gland function?

A

It is involved with memory

66
Q

What does the Optic chiasm do?

A

allows both eyes to see the same things at the same time

67
Q

What does the brain stem attach to?

A

spinal cord

68
Q

what are the three parts of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

69
Q

What does the Reticular formation do?

A

it is involved with sleep/ consciousness/ alertness

70
Q

What is the function of Choroid plexuses?

A

to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

71
Q

What is the primary function of the four ventricles?

A

They are filled with CFS which help to protect the brain and transfer nutrients and waste

72
Q

What is the Cerebral aqueduct?

A

a small space that allows CFS to flow from the third ventricle to the fourth

73
Q

What do the Lateral ventricles do?

A

they contain CFS which help to protect the brain

Anatomy- The Brain (1 decks)

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