The Brain

Question 1

Where is the pre central gyrus?

Answer 1

In the frontal lobe, in front of the central sulcus

- It is found in the primary motor cortex an dis involved in conscious voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Question 2

Where is the post central gyrus?

Answer 2

In the parietal lobe, behind the central sulcus

-found in primary somatosensory cortex - it receives impulses from body sensory receptors

Question 3

What is the nature of the representation of the pre and post central gyrus?

Answer 3

Inverted and distorted ie not to scale

Question 4

What specific language deficits did the patients seen by Broca?

Answer 4

major/expressive aphasia which leads to inability to speak although comprehension remains intact
brocas area lesion = inferior central gyrus of left cortex

Question 5

What specific language deficits did the patient seen by Wernicke have?

Answer 5

Sensory repetitive/ auditory aphasia - no understanding of language

Question 6

What functional area is contained in the gyri either side of the calcarine sulcus?

Answer 6

cuneus and lingual gyrus - affect memory

Question 7

With which lobe are the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri associated? What specific deficit results from damage to the parahippocampal gyrus and underlying hippocampus?

Answer 7

Associated with the limbic lobe (emotion and memory function)
Parahippocampal is linked to memory

Question 8

Which broadman area is the functional localisations for the primary motor cortex normally ascribed?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

Which broadman areas are the functional localisations for the primary somatosensory cortex normally ascribed?

Answer 9

1,2,3

Question 10

Which broadman areas are the functional localisations for the primary visual cortex normally ascribed?

Answer 10

17,18,19

17 = calcarine sulcus

Question 11

Which 3 nuclei of the thalamus relay information to primary motor, somatosensory and visual cortices?

Answer 11

Motor = ventral lateral nucleus 
Somatosensory = ventral posterior nucleus 
Visual = lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 12

What is the function of the interhemispheric and internal capsule fibres?

Answer 12

Interhemispheric = neural transmission bet hemispheres via corpus callosum, which carries axons bet left and right hemispheres
Internal capsule = transmission of info from thalamus to cortex

Question 13

Where is the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 13

In longitudinal fissure, runs along the midline of falx cerebri

Question 14

In life, what occupies the subarachnoid space?

Answer 14

The CSF and blood vessels

Question 15

What is the significance of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries?

Answer 15

Anterior = links the 2 anterior cerebral arteries
Posterior = links 2 posterior cerebral branches to 2 middle cerebral arteries
They act as a shunt (allows constant blood flow) - useful in blockage (plaques)

Question 16

What visual deficit would result from a blockage of the left, posterior cerebral artery, just after it leaves the Circle of Willis?

Answer 16

• bitemporal hemianopia
• The occipital lobe neurons die
• deficit in left field of vision for both eyes - hemianopia

Question 17

What 3 regions comprise the diencephalon?

Answer 17

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

Question 18

What is the thalamus?

Answer 18

A large mass of smaller nuclei at the core of the brain, just below the corpus callosum

Question 19

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 19

Connected to the pituitary gland, has various nuclei for the regulating appetites and endocrine functions (mood)

Question 20

What is the epithalamus?

Answer 20

Contains the pineal gland, secretes melatonin which shuts our physiology down so we can sleep and regulates our circadian rhythm

Question 21

The cerebral aqueduct transmits CSF between which 2 regions of the Ventricular system?

Answer 21

From 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle