The Brain Flashcards by Helen Hardy

Gyrus (gyri)

Convoluted ridges on surface of brain

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Sulcus (sulci)

groove in surface of brain.

Provides a larger surface area

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Central sulcus

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

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Precentral Gyrus

In front of central sulcus

Coordinates motor movement

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Postcentral gyrus

Behind central sulcus

Coordinates sensory activity

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Frontal Lobes

Function: Motor skills, higher-level thinking, cognitive function

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Parietal Lobes

Gives us perspective and helps us understand touch, space, & volume

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Temporal Lobes

Need to figure out

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Occipital Lobes

Related to vision

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Lateral fissure

separates cerebrum & cerebellum

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Cerebellum

Voluntary motor movement and balance

Receives input from other areas of brain

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Dura Mater

Meninges that cover the brain

Function: Protection

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Falx Cerebri

Part of dura mater. Sits in longitudinal fissure between hemispheres

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Longitudinal Fissure

Separates two hemispheres on brain

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Superior sagittal sinus

Little “hole” looks like a triangle, formed from the falx cerebri
Drains venous blood

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Corpus collosum

Band of nerves fibers that separate hemispheres. Help the two sides to communicate

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Lateral ventricles

Contain CSF

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Septum Pellucidum

Vertical membrane separating left and right lateral horns

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Fornix

Connects the hippocampus to the hypothalmus

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Thalamus

Regulates sleeping & wakefulness states

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Hypothalamus

Body’s thermostat

Intermediate mass

Little section in the middle of the thalamus

Function: Band of grey matter joining the thalami

Third ventricle

Filled with CSF to protect the brain

Internal capsule

White matter

Function: Major route by which cortex connects with brainstem

Cerebral cortex

Gray Matter

Putamen

Part of the lentiform nucleus (lateral)

Globus Pallidus

Regulation of voluntary movement

Insula (isle of Riel)

Fifth lobe, under temporal lobe | Function: Taste perception

Pineal body

Secretion of melatonin

Corpora Quadrigemina

Four "bumps" called superior colliculi and inferior colliculi Function: Reflex centers for Superior - vision, and inferior - sound

Medulla

Controls autonomic functions such as heart rate

Pituitary Gland

Small endocrine organ | Function: Involved in growth hormone

Infundibulum

(Pituitary stalk) Function: Connects gland to base of brain

Mammillary Body

Involved with olfactory reflexes

Cerebral peduncles

Large bundle of nerve fibers | Function: Main connection from cerebral hemispheres to brain stem

Pons

Helps relay messages from brain to spinal cord

Olfactory Bulb

Relays sensory messages to olfactory tract (sense of smell)

Olfactory Tract

Sensory - smell

Optic nerve

Sensory, afferent, vision

Optic chiasm

Where the signals from each eye meet to go to the brain

Optic tract

Sensory; afferent; vision

Trigeminal nerve

Responsible for sensation in the face

Oculomotor Nerve

Helps direct eyeball

Abducens Nerve

Motor nerves of eye

Trochlear nerve

Eye movement - down & lateral

Hypoglossal nerve

Motor nerve below tongue

Spinal accessory nerve

Rotation of head

Choroid plexus

Where CSF is produced

Fourth ventricle

Contains CSF for protection

Arbor Vitae

"tree like" white matter in cerebellum | Sensory and motor info to and from cerebellum

parietal-occipital sulcus (human brain only)

Separates parietal and occipital lobes