The Brain Flashcards
Ventricles
Are spaces in the brain
Cavities filled with CSF
Medulla oblongata
Relay information information to thalamus and brain stem
Pons
Relays information to cerebellum and thalamus
Mesencephalon
Visual and auditory. Reflexive motor
Diencephalon
- Epithalamus > pineal gland located
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
• third ventricle
Brain development
3 week > 6 weeks
1) prosencephalon > telencephalon > cerebrum > lateral ventricle
Prosencephalon > diencephalon > third ventricle
2) mesencephalon > midbrain > cerebral aqueduct
3) rhombencephalon > metencephalon > cerebellum and pons > fourth ventricle
Rhombencephalon > myelencephalon > medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
- small brain
- coordinates somatic motor function
- balance
- muscles
- layers just like brain
- right / left hemisphere divided by vermis
- control motor activity
- subconscious coordination of movement
3 main layers
• molecular layer- outermost contain dendrites of purkinje cells
• purkinje cell layer- contains cell body of purkinje cells
• granule cell layer- innermost layer. Contain granule cells and axons of purkinje cells
Thalamus
- All information arrives and relays sensory information to cerebrum
- formed by walls of 3rd ventricle
- right/left thalamus separated by interthalamic adhesion
- egg shaped structure
- 95% of sensory information passes to cerebrum
Hypothalamus
- controls emotion
- limbic system
- controls autonomic functions
- sets appetite drive (thirst, hunger, sexual desire) and behavior
- blood pressure and heart rate
- secretes hormones
- form floor of 3rd ventricles
- infundibulum > connects to pituitary gland
- mammillary bodies > located posterior walls
Cerebrum
- conscious thought process
- memory
- intellectual functions
- control conscious skeletal muscle contractions
2 lateral ventricles
Right and left.
No communication between them
Septum pellucidum
- separate the lateral ventricles
* no communication at all allowed
Third ventricle
In diencephalon
Fourth ventricle
In pons and medulla oblongata
Aqueduct of midbrain
Separates the third and fourth ventricles
Interventricular foramen
- Right/ left lateral ventricles make this hole
* third ventricle connects to lateral ventricles
Cranial meninges
- dura mater- outermost ( endosteal layer)
- arachnoid mater- middle
- pia mater- innermost
Folds of meninges
- Falx Cerebri
- tentorium cerebelli
- Falx cerebelli
Falx Cerebri
- extend into longitudinal fissure
- contains sinus that supply blood to brain
- superior sagittal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
Tentorium Cerebelli
- covers cerebellum
- separates cerebellar hemisphere from cerebral hemisphere
• transverse sinus
Falx Cerebelli
- posterior
- extend from tentorium cerebelli
- separates cerebellar hemisphere
• occipital sinus
Diaphragma sellae
- penetrates inside sella turcica of sphenoid, holds pituitary gland, which releases hormones
- must be very protected
Blood brain barrier
BBB
Endothelial cells.
Tight functions. Few things to pass through it.
Portion of the brain with no right junctions
- hypothalamus
- pineal gland
- 3rd ventricle
- 4th ventricle
** all have choroid plexus. Nutrients and waste products go through
Ependymal cells in CNS
- Spaces between them interstitial fluid in thalamus.
- in tight junctions cells are tight, nothing getting in
• produce CSF
CSF
- Circulate in choroid plexuses
- all around brain and spinal cord
- passes central canal
Epithalamus
- 3rd ventricle located
* pineal gland located.
Pineal gland
- produces melatonin
* regulates day/night cycle
