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BIO PSYCH > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

Certain brain areas have specific functions.

  • Example: Feeling bumps on a person’s head.
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2
Q

What did phrenology beleive?

A

Size of bump = more often you use that area. Ex: you have lots of friends if that pump is big

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3
Q

What are Brain Lesions?

A

Tissue destruction.

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4
Q

How do brain lessions occur?

A

naturally or experimentally (caused by destruction of brain tissue).

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5
Q

How were rats expiremented on?

A
  • Stimulate parts of brains of rats for dopamine
  • Rats love it more than anything else.
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6
Q

Why do Electrically Stimulate people’s brain?

A
  • Electrically stimulate parts of the brain to see the effects.
  • Example: People smell burnt toast.
  • However, can also cause seizures.
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7
Q

Why use an is EEG (Electroencephalogram):

A
  • Activity on the brain’s surface.
  • Measuring what’s going on.
  • Sleep tool/sleep patterns.
  • Measures brain waves.
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8
Q

Why use CT (Computed Tomography):

A
  • X-ray or photographs.
  • Taken from different angles.
  • Also called a CT scan.
    Can detect tumors, fractures, brain bleeding.
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9
Q

Why use MRI

A
  • pick up small changes in the brain
  • non invasive
  • a bit of radiation
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10
Q

Why use PET?

A
  • for function
  • inject with isotope (radioactive)
  • to see which area of the brain lights up
  • blue = less activity
  • red = more activity
  • non-invasive
  • a bit of radiation
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11
Q

What is the CNS

A

Brain + spinal cord

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12
Q

What are the parts of the Peripheral NS

A
  • Autonomic
  • Somatic
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13
Q

Parts of automatic

A

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

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14
Q

What does parasympatheticc do?

A

doesn’t expend energy

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15
Q

What does sympathetic do?

A

activated in emergency situations.. fight or flight

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16
Q

Sympathetic changes

A
  • dilates pupils
  • inhibits salivation
  • relaxes bronchi
  • accelerates HR
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17
Q

Parasympathetic changes

A
  • constricts pupils
  • stimulates salivation
  • inhibits heart rate
  • constricts bronchi
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18
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Meninges: Layers of brain protecting
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater

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19
Q

Dura Mater

A

The outermost of the meninges tough and flexible

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20
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A
  • The middle layer
  • between dura and pia mater
  • Spinal fluid between
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21
Q

Pia Mater

A

Clings to the surface of the brain

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22
Q

Ventricular System

A
  • Four hollow spaces located inside brain
  • Each ventricle produces cerebrospinal fluid
  • Spinal fluid supports weight of the brain
  • Helps shock to the CNS caused by sudden head movements
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23
Q

Third ventricle

A

thalamus

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24
Q

Anterior horn of lateral ventricle

A

basal ganglia

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25
Q

Inferior horn of lateral ventricle

A

limbic system

26
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

brainstem and cerebellum

27
Q

Hind brain

A
  • life support area
  • breathing / heart rate
  • Medulla
  • anything involuntary
28
Q

pons

A

movement, sleep, arousal

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

fine motor control, posture, balance, shift attention, timing

30
Q

Mid brain

A
  • relay stations
  • coordinates sensory information
31
Q

Mid brain parts

A
  • Superior colliculus
  • Inferior colliculus
  • Substantia nigra
    • loss of dopamine in Parkinson’s
32
Q

Forebrain

A
  • higher mental process
  • cerebral cortex
  • limbic system
33
Q

What does the thamalmus do?

A

Sensory info

34
Q

Hypothalamus

A

basic drives, regulates hormones

35
Q

amygdala

A

emotion reaction

36
Q

What are the two hemispheres connected by?

A

2 hemispheres are connected by (corpus callosum) connects left and right

37
Q

The Forebrain parts

A
  • Basal ganglia
  • Working memory
38
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

left/right hemisphere
2 lobes
- frontal
- parietal

39
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

planning, decision making, personality

40
Q

parietal

A

processes sensations of touch, temp, pain

41
Q

Temporal lobe

A

auditory, speech, language (comprehension)

42
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

43
Q

Superior

A

Above

44
Q

Inferior

A

below

45
Q

Anterior

A

in front

46
Q

posterior

A

at the back

47
Q
A
48
Q

Medial

A

in the middle

49
Q

lateral

A

to one side

50
Q

contralateral

A

right arm and leg are controlled by the opposite part of brain.

so it means on the oposite of

51
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side as

52
Q

Bilateral

A

on both sides of the body.

53
Q

Unilateral

A

One side of the body

54
Q

Central

A

close to centre

55
Q

peripheral

A

further way from centre

56
Q

Superficial

A

near the outer surface of the organism

57
Q

deep

A

further away from the surface of the organism

58
Q

Dorsal

A

refers to the back, or upper side

59
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front, or lower side

60
Q

Rostral

A

situated toward the tip of the frontal lobe

61
Q

Cranial

A

describes how close something is to the head of an organism.

62
Q

Caudal

A

describes how close something is to the trailing end of an organism

BIO PSYCH (3 decks)

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