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Psychology '23 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

Three areas

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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2
Q

Lobes in the cerebral cortex

A

Parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

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3
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • Responsible for integrating sensory info
  • E.g. touch, temperature, pressure, pain, two point discrimination
  • Helps you understand where you are in relationship to other things that your senses are picking up around you – spatial awareness
  • Somato sensory cortex
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4
Q

Somato sensory cortex

A

Found at the front of the parietal lobe. Responsible for receiving and processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain.

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5
Q

Spatial neglect

A

Damage to the right cerebral hemisphere or parietal lobe. People with spatial neglect ignore things on one side of their field of view.

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6
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for higher executive functions, emotional regulation, planning, reasoning, problem solving. Contains: Premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area.

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7
Q

Premotor cortex

A

In the frontal lobe. Involved in the selection of appropriate motor plans for voluntary movements. Neurons signal the preparation for movement.

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8
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

In the frontal lobe. Responsible for the execution of voluntary movements.

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9
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A
  • In the frontal lobe
  • Greatly contributes to personality development.
  • Regulates thoughts, actions and emotions through connections with other regions
  • Impulse control
  • Problem solving/reasoning/comprehension
  • Creativity and perseverance
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10
Q

Broca’s area

A
  • In the frontal lobe
  • Concerned with the production of speech and language.
  • interacts with sensory information from the temporal cortex, and devises a plan for speaking and passes the plan along the motor cortex, which controls the mouth.
  • Damage to this area is called Broca’s aphasia and is characterised by hesitant and fragmented speech with little grammatical structure.
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11
Q

Wernicke’s area

A
  • In the temporal lobe
  • Responsible for comprehending/understanding language
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12
Q

Occipital lobe

A
  • Major visual processing centre of the brain.
  • Composed of the primary visual cortex and secondary visual cortex
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13
Q

Primary visual cortex (V1)

A
  • In the occipital lobe
  • Receives visual information from the eyes, the information is then relayed to secondary visual processing areas to interpret depth, distance, location, identity etc.
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14
Q

Secondary visual cortex (V2)

A
  • In the occipital lobe.
  • Receives signals from V1
  • Responsible for the analysis and further discrimination of visual input in terms of motion, shape (particularly complex shapes), and position.
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15
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • Responsible for processing sensory information, particularly important for hearing, recognising language, and forming memories.
  • Processes auditory and visual information (recognising sounds, objects, and faces)
  • Contains the primary auditory cortex
  • Memory: contains the hippocampus, which is important for memory, learning, and emotions.
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16
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Temporal lobe

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17
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Temporal lobe

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18
Q

Where are the primary and secondary visual cortexes located?

A

Occipital lobe

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19
Q

Where is the premotor cortex located?

A

Frontal lobe

20
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Frontal lobe

21
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Frontal lobe

22
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
  • Cerebral peduncles
23
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Separate from the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
  • Connected to the spinal chord through the brainstem
  • Responsible for balance and motor coordination
  • “The cauliflower part of the brain” - Mr Simms
24
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Located in the forebrain, just below the thalamus
  • Controls the autonomic nervous system
  • Hormones
  • Temperature, circadian rhythm, hunger and thirst regulation
25
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Located in the forebrain, above the hypothalamus
  • Relays sensory information
  • Helps execute voluntary movements
  • Connected to the hippocampus and plays a role in memory and learning
  • Pain
26
Q

What is the purpose of the brain?

A
  1. Processing sensory information + problem solving
  2. Movement
  3. Regulating organs of the body
  4. Language and communication
  5. Learning
27
Q

Processing sensory information

A

Temporal lobe, parietal, occipital (visual)

28
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Processing and regulating emotions, particularly fear/threat related
29
Q

Movement

A

Primary motor cortex, thalamus, cerebellum (for balance)

30
Q

Problem solving

A

Frontal lobe

31
Q

Organ regulation

A

Hypothalamus, medulla

32
Q

Medulla (medulla oblongata)

A
  • Located at the base of the brain, above spinal chord
  • Responsible for autonomic functions (breathing, heartrate, blood pressure, etc)
  • Reflexes
  • Relays information between the spinal cord and higher brain regions
33
Q

Language and communication

A

Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area

34
Q

Learning

A

Hippocampus, thalamus

35
Q

Tectum

A
  • Located in the midbrain
  • Responsible for visual and auditory processing
36
Q

Substantia nigra

A
  • Located in the midbrain (in the tegmentum)
  • Initiates movement by sending dopamine to different parts of the body
37
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Part of the brain that joins the two hemispheres.

38
Q

Part of the brain that joins the two hemispheres.

A

Corpus callosum

39
Q

What part of the brain directs sensory information to the right part of the cortex for processing?

A

Thalamus

40
Q

Left hemisphere

A
  • Language processing
  • Logical and analytical thinking
  • Detail orientented processing
41
Q

Right hemisphere

A
  • Spatial awareness
  • Visual processing
  • Emotion processing and social perception
42
Q

Which part of the body is most represented on the somatosensory cortex

A

Hands, lips, face, tongue. (Homunculus)

43
Q

Hindbrain

A
44
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Clusters of neurons responsible for motor control, cognition, and emotion

45
Q

The forebrain contains

A

Cerebrum (containing cerebral cortex), thalamus, hypothalamus

Psychology '23 (3 decks)

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