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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > The Body As A Whole > Flashcards

The Body As A Whole Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms combine together to make what?

A

Molecules

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2
Q

Molecules combine together to make what?

A

Macromolecules

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3
Q

Macromolecules combine together to make what?

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Organelles combine together to make what?

A

Cells

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5
Q

Cells combine together to make what?

A

Tissues

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6
Q

Tissues combine together to make what?

A

Organs

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7
Q

Organs combine together to make what?

A

Organ Systems

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8
Q

Organ Systems combine together to make what?

A

Organisms

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9
Q

What is the plane that divides the body vertically into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (back) portion?

A

Frontal Plane

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10
Q

What is the plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions?

A

Transverse Plane

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11
Q

What is the plane that divides the body vertically into right and left sides?

A

Sagittal Plane

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12
Q

What is the word that means ‘closer to the surface’?

A

Superficial

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13
Q

What is the word that means ‘below or lower on the body’?

A

Inferior

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14
Q

What is the word that means ‘above or higher on the body’?

A

Superior

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15
Q

What is the word that means ‘towards the back of the body’?

A

Posterior or Dorsal

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16
Q

What is the word that means ‘toward the side of the body’?

A

Lateral

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17
Q

What is the word that means ‘towards the front of the body’?

A

Anterior or Ventral

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18
Q

What is the word that means ‘towards the midline of the body’?

A

Medial

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19
Q

What is the word that means ‘closer to the point of attachment’?

A

Proximal

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20
Q

What is the word that means ‘farther from the point of attachment’?

A

Distal

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21
Q

What is the word that means ‘farther from the surface’?

A

Deep

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22
Q

How many organ systems are there?

A

11 or 12

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23
Q

Name all of the organ systems.

A
  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Muscular System
  4. Nervous System
  5. Endocrine System
  6. Cardiovascular System
  7. Lymphatic System
  8. Respiratory System
  9. Digestive System
  10. Urinary System
  11. Reproductive System
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24
Q

What is the major function of the Integumentary System?

A

Covers and protects the body.

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25
Q

What is the major function of the Skeletal System?

A

Provides support and structure.

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26
Q

What is the major function of the Muscular System?

A

Provides support and movement.

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27
Q

What is the major function of the Nervous System?

A

Responsible for control and communication.

28
Q

What is the major function of the Endocrine System?

A

Responsible for control, integration, and coordination.

29
Q

What is the major function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

Provides transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones.

30
Q

What is the major function of the Lymphatic System?

A

Transport lymph and provide defense against toxins.

31
Q

What is the major function of the Respiratory System?

A

Responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

32
Q

What is the major function of the Digestive System?

A

Responsible for processing and absorbing food. Also responsible for expelling waste.

33
Q

What is the major function of the Urinary System?

A

Produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.

34
Q

What is the major function of the Reproductive System?

A

To produce and develop offspring.

35
Q

What is the definition of Anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.

36
Q

What is the definition of Gross Anatomy?

A

The study of body parts visible to the naked eye.

37
Q

What is the definition of Microscopic Anatomy?

A

The study of body parts with the aid of a microscope.

38
Q

What is the definition of Cytology?

A

The study of cells.

39
Q

What is the definition of Histology?

A

The study of tissues?

40
Q

What is the definition of Developmental Anatomy?

A

The study of human growth and development.

41
Q

What is the definition of Pathological Anatomy?

A

The study of diseased body structures.

42
Q

What is the definition of Systemic Anatomy?

A

The study of body systems. Systems are groups of organs that have a common function.

43
Q

What is the definition of Physiology?

A

The study of the functions of the living organism and its parts or the science that helps us to understand how the body works.

44
Q

What are eight branches of Physiology?

A
  1. Human Physiology
  2. Animal Physiology
  3. Plant Physiology
  4. Molecular Physiology
  5. Cellular Physiology
  6. Neurophysiology
  7. Respiratory Physiology
  8. Cardiovascular Physiology
45
Q

What organ is found in the Cranial Cavity?

A

The brain.

46
Q

What organ is found in the Spinal Cavity?

A

The spine.

47
Q

What organs are found in the Thoracic Cavity?

A

The lungs, the heart, part of the esophagus, the trachea, the thymus gland and the thoracic duct.

48
Q

What organs are found in the Abdominal Cavity?

A

The stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands.

49
Q

What is the definition of homeostatic control?

A

Devices for maintaining or restoring homeostasis by self regulation via feedback control loops.

50
Q

What are two major control systems involved in homeostatic control?

A
  1. Positive Feedback Systems

2. Negative Feedback Systems

51
Q

What are the five requirements for an organism to live?

A
  1. Water
  2. Food
  3. Oxygen
  4. Heat
  5. Pressure
52
Q

Why do organisms require water to live?

A

Water is the most abundant substance in the body. It is required for metabolic processes, transport, and to regulate body temperature.

53
Q

Why do organisms require food to live?

A

Food supplies energy and raw materials.

54
Q

Why do organisms require oxygen to live?

A

Oxygen is used to release energy from nutrients.

55
Q

Why do organisms require heat to live?

A

Heat is a form of energy and partly controls the rate of metabolic reactions.

56
Q

Why do organisms require pressure to live?

A

Atmospheric pressure is important for breathing. Hydrostatic pressure keeps blood flowing.

57
Q

What are the ten characteristics of life?

A
  1. Movement
  2. Responsiveness
  3. Growth
  4. Reproduction
  5. Respiration
  6. Digestion
  7. Absorption
  8. Circulation
  9. Assimilation
  10. Excretion
58
Q

What is an example of an atom?

A

Hydrogen atom or lithium atom

59
Q

What is an example of a molecule?

A

Water molecule or glucose molecule

60
Q

What is an example of a macromolecule?

A

Protein molecule or DNA molecule

61
Q

What is an example of an organelle?

A

Mitochondrion or Golgi apparatus

62
Q

What is an example of a cell?

A

Muscle cell or nerve cell

63
Q

What is an example of a tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue or muscle tissue

64
Q

What is an example of an organ?

A

Skin or femur

65
Q

What is an example of an organ system?

A

Skeletal system or digestive system

66
Q

What is an example of an organism?

A

The human body

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (3 decks)

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