The Body Flashcards
Splits the body from left to right
Splits the body from front and back
Median
Splits the body from left to right
Transverse
When the view is right across the belly button to see top and bottom
Urinary system
Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Eliminates waste products of metabolism from the body: maintains homeostasis
Skeletal system
Bones, Joints,Tendons, ligaments, cartilage
Supports the body, protects internal organs: allows movement, stores mineral reserves; provides site for blood cell formation
Muscular system
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement: that helps to circulate blood & move food through the digestive system
Integumentary system
Hair
Skin
Nails
Serves as a barrier against infections & injury; helps to regulate body temp. Provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun
Circulatory system
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Brings oxygen; nutrients and hormones to cells
Fights infection, regulates body temp
Lymphatic system
Thymus, lymph vessels, spleen, lymph nodes, white blood cells
Protects the body from disease: collects fluid lost from blood vessels & returns the fluid to the circulatory system
Endocrine system
Pineal glad, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries
Controls growth, development, metabolism & reproduction
Reproductive system; female
Mammary glands (breasts), Fallopian tubes, uterus, overuse, vagina
Produces reproductive cells
Nurtures and protects embryo
Reproductive system; male
Testes, epididymis, vas defevens, urethra is in penis
Respiratory system
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
Provides oxygen needed for cell respiration.
Removes excess CO2 from body
Digestive system
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, large/small intestine
Conveys food into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body; absorbs food
Nervous system
Sensory receptors (in brain), spinal cord, nerves
Coordinates the body response to changes in its internal and external environments
Body cavities
Abdominalpelvic, cranial, spinal, thoracic
Body cavity: abdominal pelvic
Stomach, large intestine, liver, urinary bladder, rectum
Stomach area
Body cavity: cranial
Brain
Body cavity: spinal
Spinal cord
Body cavity: thoracic
Esophagus, heart, trachea
The chest area
Five levels of organization
Atom=>molecule=> organel=>cell=>tissue=>organ=>organ system=>organism
Tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle, neural
Tissues: epithelial
A. Linens internal passages -blood vessels, esophagus B. Produces secretions -orders(smells), secretions C. Lubricates for passageways
Ex: skin
Tissue: connective
A. Fills internal spaces
B. Provides support
C. Stores energy
Ex: ligaments, lipids, cardaliqe
Tissue: muscle
A. Contract to produce movement
Ex: muscle
Tissue: neural
A. Send electrical signs
-neurons
B. Carries information
Negative feed back
Output ( of homeostatic system) shut off original stimulus ( too hot or too cold) or reduces its intensity
Ex: original stimulus = too cold and the system causes warming of body
Positive feedback
Result of homeostatic system action is to enhance original stimulus so activity is accelerated
Ex: oxytocin ( hormones) intensifies labor contractions during birth of baby. Oxytocin causes contraction to be more frequent and powerful. Increase contraction increase oxytocin to be released, causing more contractions till birth
6 main factors that are regulated
1-3 concentration
- Concentration of nutrients & oxygen
- oxygen, protein - Concentration of salts & electrolytes
- body center level of ions; K+, Na+
- energy drinks Ex: power aid - Concentration of waste
- can’t have to much CO2
6 main factors that are regulated
4-6
- Acid/base balance
- cellular level
- to much acid bad - Temp
- average temp: 98.6• ferenheight - Pressure & volume
- not to high not to low
Superior (cranial)
Toward rhe head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Ex: the head is superior to the abdomen
Inferior ( caudal)
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body; below
Ex; the navel is inferior to the chin
